Triple

T13668592
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Charles II, Duke of Parma E327688 entity
Predicate alsoKnownAs P39 FINISHED
Object Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma
Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon prince who ruled as Duke of Parma and later Duke of Lucca in Italy.
 E1076269 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma | Statement: [Charles II, Duke of Parma, alsoKnownAs, Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma
Context triple: [Charles II, Duke of Parma, alsoKnownAs, Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma]
  • A. Robert I, Duke of Parma
    Robert I, Duke of Parma was the last reigning Duke of Parma, known for his long but largely nominal rule following the duchy's annexation to Italy and for being the son of Charles III, Duke of Parma.
  • B. Gaetano Maria Federico di Borbone-Due Sicilie
    Gaetano Maria Federico di Borbone-Due Sicilie was a 19th-century Neapolitan prince of the Bourbon-Two Sicilies royal family who became consort to Infanta Isabel, Princess of Asturias, heir presumptive to the Spanish throne.
  • C. Elias, Duke of Parma
    Elias, Duke of Parma was a late 19th- and early 20th-century Bourbon-Parma prince who became head of the ducal house and a prominent figure in European aristocratic and dynastic affairs.
  • D. Prince of Bourbon-Parma
    The Prince of Bourbon-Parma is a dynastic title borne by members of the Bourbon-Parma branch of the House of Bourbon, historically linked to the former Duchy of Parma and associated with various European royal families.
  • E. Xavier, Duke of Parma
    Xavier, Duke of Parma was a 20th-century Bourbon-Parma prince best known as a Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne and a prominent figure in European royalist politics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma
Triple: [Charles II, Duke of Parma, alsoKnownAs, Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma]
Generated description
Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon prince who ruled as Duke of Parma and later Duke of Lucca in Italy.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma
Target entity description: Carlo Ludovico di Borbone-Parma was a 19th-century Bourbon prince who ruled as Duke of Parma and later Duke of Lucca in Italy.
  • A. Robert I, Duke of Parma
    Robert I, Duke of Parma was the last reigning Duke of Parma, known for his long but largely nominal rule following the duchy's annexation to Italy and for being the son of Charles III, Duke of Parma.
  • B. Gaetano Maria Federico di Borbone-Due Sicilie
    Gaetano Maria Federico di Borbone-Due Sicilie was a 19th-century Neapolitan prince of the Bourbon-Two Sicilies royal family who became consort to Infanta Isabel, Princess of Asturias, heir presumptive to the Spanish throne.
  • C. Elias, Duke of Parma
    Elias, Duke of Parma was a late 19th- and early 20th-century Bourbon-Parma prince who became head of the ducal house and a prominent figure in European aristocratic and dynastic affairs.
  • D. Prince of Bourbon-Parma
    The Prince of Bourbon-Parma is a dynastic title borne by members of the Bourbon-Parma branch of the House of Bourbon, historically linked to the former Duchy of Parma and associated with various European royal families.
  • E. Xavier, Duke of Parma
    Xavier, Duke of Parma was a 20th-century Bourbon-Parma prince best known as a Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne and a prominent figure in European royalist politics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8076f1fa8819094664a59b55010df completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69dbc65832688190aea688fee0a7cbdb completed April 12, 2026, 4:20 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fbc315ff848190a6c8cbd5b90db7fc completed May 6, 2026, 10:39 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fc43c344c08190b5afa023f5009cb4 completed May 7, 2026, 7:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fc444630408190b368611373265973 completed May 7, 2026, 7:50 a.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:52 p.m.