Triple

T13614671
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Lectures on Ergodic Theory E325280 entity
Predicate subject P450 FINISHED
Object Bernoulli shifts
Bernoulli shifts are fundamental examples in ergodic theory and dynamical systems, modeling sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables under the shift map and serving as prototypes of measure-preserving, strongly mixing transformations.
E1051205 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Bernoulli shifts | Statement: [Lectures on Ergodic Theory, subject, Bernoulli shifts]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bernoulli shifts
Context triple: [Lectures on Ergodic Theory, subject, Bernoulli shifts]
  • A. Kakutani equivalence in ergodic theory
    Kakutani equivalence in ergodic theory is a notion of equivalence between measure-preserving dynamical systems based on the isomorphism of their induced transformations on subsets of positive measure.
  • B. Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy
    Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy is a fundamental invariant in dynamical systems theory that quantifies the average rate of information production or unpredictability of a measure-preserving transformation.
  • C. Kakutani–Rokhlin towers
    Kakutani–Rokhlin towers are combinatorial structures in ergodic theory that decompose a measure-preserving transformation into stacked levels (or “towers”) to analyze its dynamical and measure-theoretic properties.
  • D. Lectures on Ergodic Theory
    "Lectures on Ergodic Theory" is a classic mathematical monograph that systematically develops the foundations and key results of ergodic theory within dynamical systems.
  • E. ergodic theorem
    The ergodic theorem is a fundamental result in dynamical systems and probability theory that links long-term time averages of a system’s evolution to ensemble or space averages, underpinning the statistical behavior of many physical and stochastic processes.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Bernoulli shifts
Triple: [Lectures on Ergodic Theory, subject, Bernoulli shifts]
Generated description
Bernoulli shifts are fundamental examples in ergodic theory and dynamical systems, modeling sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables under the shift map and serving as prototypes of measure-preserving, strongly mixing transformations.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Bernoulli shifts
Target entity description: Bernoulli shifts are fundamental examples in ergodic theory and dynamical systems, modeling sequences of independent, identically distributed random variables under the shift map and serving as prototypes of measure-preserving, strongly mixing transformations.
  • A. Kakutani equivalence in ergodic theory
    Kakutani equivalence in ergodic theory is a notion of equivalence between measure-preserving dynamical systems based on the isomorphism of their induced transformations on subsets of positive measure.
  • B. Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy
    Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy is a fundamental invariant in dynamical systems theory that quantifies the average rate of information production or unpredictability of a measure-preserving transformation.
  • C. Kakutani–Rokhlin towers
    Kakutani–Rokhlin towers are combinatorial structures in ergodic theory that decompose a measure-preserving transformation into stacked levels (or “towers”) to analyze its dynamical and measure-theoretic properties.
  • D. Lectures on Ergodic Theory
    "Lectures on Ergodic Theory" is a classic mathematical monograph that systematically develops the foundations and key results of ergodic theory within dynamical systems.
  • E. ergodic theorem
    The ergodic theorem is a fundamental result in dynamical systems and probability theory that links long-term time averages of a system’s evolution to ensemble or space averages, underpinning the statistical behavior of many physical and stochastic processes.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8076aae28819092cf636190ee5529 completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69dbb0ad0a7c81909c7972187202db96 completed April 12, 2026, 2:48 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f77f9cbc388190972e949324144d2f completed May 3, 2026, 5:02 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f78058d4c88190be75e0a38cdc20da completed May 3, 2026, 5:05 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f78157b9cc8190a1855cb9715aa7d5 completed May 3, 2026, 5:09 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:50 p.m.