Triple

T13561556
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Vladimir Arnold E323919 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Arnold diffusion E1041764 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arnold diffusion | Statement: [Vladimir Arnold, knownFor, Arnold diffusion]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Arnold diffusion
Context triple: [Vladimir Arnold, knownFor, Arnold diffusion]
  • A. Arnold diffusion chosen
    Arnold diffusion is a phenomenon in Hamiltonian dynamical systems where very small perturbations can cause slow, long-term drift of trajectories across invariant tori in phase space, leading to global instability.
  • B. Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory
    Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory is a fundamental result in dynamical systems that explains the persistence of quasi-periodic motions in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems under small perturbations.
  • C. Nekhoroshev theory
    Nekhoroshev theory is a result in Hamiltonian dynamical systems that provides exponentially long stability estimates for nearly integrable systems under small perturbations.
  • D. Liouville–Arnold theorem
    The Liouville–Arnold theorem is a fundamental result in Hamiltonian mechanics that guarantees the integrability of a system with sufficiently many conserved quantities and describes its motion as quasi-periodic on invariant tori in phase space.
  • E. Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics
    "Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics" is a foundational work in dynamical systems that introduced a powerful tower-based method for analyzing statistical properties such as decay of correlations and limit theorems in nonuniformly hyperbolic systems.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8076830b48190910a902bae5888e2 completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69dbaff5219081909cf60423e79d278f completed April 12, 2026, 2:45 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f75dad601481908de5f266f01f3f49 completed May 3, 2026, 2:37 p.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:47 p.m.