Triple
T13443969
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory |
E320432
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Arnold diffusion
Arnold diffusion is a phenomenon in Hamiltonian dynamical systems where very small perturbations can cause slow, long-term drift of trajectories across invariant tori in phase space, leading to global instability.
|
E1041764
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arnold diffusion | Statement: [Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory, relatedTo, Arnold diffusion]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold diffusion Context triple: [Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory, relatedTo, Arnold diffusion]
-
A.
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory is a fundamental result in dynamical systems that explains the persistence of quasi-periodic motions in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems under small perturbations.
-
B.
Liouville–Arnold theorem
The Liouville–Arnold theorem is a fundamental result in Hamiltonian mechanics that guarantees the integrability of a system with sufficiently many conserved quantities and describes its motion as quasi-periodic on invariant tori in phase space.
-
C.
Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics
"Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics" is a foundational work in dynamical systems that introduced a powerful tower-based method for analyzing statistical properties such as decay of correlations and limit theorems in nonuniformly hyperbolic systems.
-
D.
Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed-point theorem
The Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in dynamical systems and topology that guarantees the existence of at least two fixed points for certain area-preserving twist maps of an annulus.
-
E.
Lyapunov exponents
Lyapunov exponents are quantitative measures in dynamical systems theory that characterize the rates at which nearby trajectories diverge or converge, indicating the presence and strength of chaos.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arnold diffusion Triple: [Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory, relatedTo, Arnold diffusion]
Generated description
Arnold diffusion is a phenomenon in Hamiltonian dynamical systems where very small perturbations can cause slow, long-term drift of trajectories across invariant tori in phase space, leading to global instability.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arnold diffusion Target entity description: Arnold diffusion is a phenomenon in Hamiltonian dynamical systems where very small perturbations can cause slow, long-term drift of trajectories across invariant tori in phase space, leading to global instability.
-
A.
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory
Kolmogorov–Arnold–Moser theory is a fundamental result in dynamical systems that explains the persistence of quasi-periodic motions in nearly integrable Hamiltonian systems under small perturbations.
-
B.
Liouville–Arnold theorem
The Liouville–Arnold theorem is a fundamental result in Hamiltonian mechanics that guarantees the integrability of a system with sufficiently many conserved quantities and describes its motion as quasi-periodic on invariant tori in phase space.
-
C.
Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics
"Young tower construction in nonuniformly hyperbolic dynamics" is a foundational work in dynamical systems that introduced a powerful tower-based method for analyzing statistical properties such as decay of correlations and limit theorems in nonuniformly hyperbolic systems.
-
D.
Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed-point theorem
The Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed-point theorem is a fundamental result in dynamical systems and topology that guarantees the existence of at least two fixed points for certain area-preserving twist maps of an annulus.
-
E.
Lyapunov exponents
Lyapunov exponents are quantitative measures in dynamical systems theory that characterize the rates at which nearby trajectories diverge or converge, indicating the presence and strength of chaos.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d80761e6cc8190a90c844589998ecc |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69dbaee881888190811ddf01bc699864 |
completed | April 12, 2026, 2:40 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f739965ef081909e85881ce805bbb5 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 12:03 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f740e536d48190af369b38aa42438d |
completed | May 3, 2026, 12:34 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f741b72d08819087808bf9bcffa0a1 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 12:38 p.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:40 p.m.