Triple

T13132144
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Islamic optics E311988 entity
Predicate majorWork P4 FINISHED
Object Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses
Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
E1022095 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses | Statement: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses
Context triple: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
  • A. Book of Optics
    The Book of Optics is a foundational 11th-century scientific work that revolutionized the understanding of vision, light, and optics, laying key groundwork for the modern science of optics.
  • B. Euclid's Optics
    Euclid's Optics is an ancient Greek treatise that systematically analyzes visual perception and perspective using geometric principles, laying foundational ideas for later optical theory.
  • C. Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy
    Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy is a foundational 9th-century Arabic treatise that systematically summarizes and explains Ptolemaic astronomy and became highly influential in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.
  • D. Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
    Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was an influential medieval polymath best known for his foundational work in optics, mathematics, and scientific methodology, which earned him recognition as a pioneer of the modern scientific method.
  • E. Treatise on the Division of Quadrants (Omar Khayyam)
    Treatise on the Division of Quadrants is a mathematical work by Omar Khayyam in which he investigates geometric constructions and the division of arcs and quadrants, contributing to the development of geometry beyond Euclid.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses
Triple: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
Generated description
Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses
Target entity description: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
  • A. Book of Optics
    The Book of Optics is a foundational 11th-century scientific work that revolutionized the understanding of vision, light, and optics, laying key groundwork for the modern science of optics.
  • B. Euclid's Optics
    Euclid's Optics is an ancient Greek treatise that systematically analyzes visual perception and perspective using geometric principles, laying foundational ideas for later optical theory.
  • C. Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy
    Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy is a foundational 9th-century Arabic treatise that systematically summarizes and explains Ptolemaic astronomy and became highly influential in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.
  • D. Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
    Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was an influential medieval polymath best known for his foundational work in optics, mathematics, and scientific methodology, which earned him recognition as a pioneer of the modern scientific method.
  • E. Treatise on the Division of Quadrants (Omar Khayyam)
    Treatise on the Division of Quadrants is a mathematical work by Omar Khayyam in which he investigates geometric constructions and the division of arcs and quadrants, contributing to the development of geometry beyond Euclid.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d806a9fe888190b081e2d9ea665d6c completed April 9, 2026, 8:06 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d981b27a8c81909a92ab7be5d3a7e9 completed April 10, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f6e290c308819090ee4436c199b57c completed May 3, 2026, 5:52 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f6e397df5c8190a470fc5c226b027b completed May 3, 2026, 5:56 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f6e454f95c8190b023c5d141999dd8 completed May 3, 2026, 5:59 a.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:08 p.m.