Triple
T13132144
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Islamic optics |
E311988
|
entity |
| Predicate | majorWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses
Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
|
E1022095
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses | Statement: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses Context triple: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
-
A.
Book of Optics
The Book of Optics is a foundational 11th-century scientific work that revolutionized the understanding of vision, light, and optics, laying key groundwork for the modern science of optics.
-
B.
Euclid's Optics
Euclid's Optics is an ancient Greek treatise that systematically analyzes visual perception and perspective using geometric principles, laying foundational ideas for later optical theory.
-
C.
Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy
Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy is a foundational 9th-century Arabic treatise that systematically summarizes and explains Ptolemaic astronomy and became highly influential in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.
-
D.
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was an influential medieval polymath best known for his foundational work in optics, mathematics, and scientific methodology, which earned him recognition as a pioneer of the modern scientific method.
-
E.
Treatise on the Division of Quadrants (Omar Khayyam)
Treatise on the Division of Quadrants is a mathematical work by Omar Khayyam in which he investigates geometric constructions and the division of arcs and quadrants, contributing to the development of geometry beyond Euclid.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses Triple: [Islamic optics, majorWork, Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses]
Generated description
Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses Target entity description: Ibn Sahl's treatise on burning mirrors and lenses is a foundational 10th-century work in Islamic optics that mathematically analyzes refraction and lens design, anticipating principles later formalized in Snell’s law.
-
A.
Book of Optics
The Book of Optics is a foundational 11th-century scientific work that revolutionized the understanding of vision, light, and optics, laying key groundwork for the modern science of optics.
-
B.
Euclid's Optics
Euclid's Optics is an ancient Greek treatise that systematically analyzes visual perception and perspective using geometric principles, laying foundational ideas for later optical theory.
-
C.
Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy
Al-Farghani's Elements of Astronomy is a foundational 9th-century Arabic treatise that systematically summarizes and explains Ptolemaic astronomy and became highly influential in both the Islamic world and medieval Europe.
-
D.
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen)
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was an influential medieval polymath best known for his foundational work in optics, mathematics, and scientific methodology, which earned him recognition as a pioneer of the modern scientific method.
-
E.
Treatise on the Division of Quadrants (Omar Khayyam)
Treatise on the Division of Quadrants is a mathematical work by Omar Khayyam in which he investigates geometric constructions and the division of arcs and quadrants, contributing to the development of geometry beyond Euclid.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d806a9fe888190b081e2d9ea665d6c |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:06 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d981b27a8c81909a92ab7be5d3a7e9 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 11:03 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f6e290c308819090ee4436c199b57c |
completed | May 3, 2026, 5:52 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f6e397df5c8190a470fc5c226b027b |
completed | May 3, 2026, 5:56 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f6e454f95c8190b023c5d141999dd8 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 5:59 a.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 9:08 p.m.