Triple
T1311616
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Thomas Kailath |
E28003
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Linear Estimation
Linear Estimation is a foundational text in signal processing and control theory that systematically develops the theory and applications of optimal estimation, including Kalman filtering and related methods.
|
E150233
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Linear Estimation | Statement: [Thomas Kailath, notableWork, Linear Estimation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Linear Estimation Context triple: [Thomas Kailath, notableWork, Linear Estimation]
-
A.
method of least squares
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
-
B.
Gauss–Markov theorem
The Gauss–Markov theorem is a fundamental result in statistics stating that, under certain conditions, the ordinary least squares estimator is the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the coefficients in a linear regression model.
-
C.
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a continuous-time stochastic process that models mean-reverting random motion, widely used in physics and quantitative finance to describe systems fluctuating around a long-term equilibrium.
-
D.
LinearAlgebra
LinearAlgebra is Julia’s standard library module providing core functionality for vectors, matrices, and advanced linear algebra operations.
-
E.
Gaussian law of error
The Gaussian law of error is a fundamental statistical principle stating that measurement errors tend to follow a normal (bell-shaped) distribution, forming the basis of much of probability theory and statistical inference.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Linear Estimation Triple: [Thomas Kailath, notableWork, Linear Estimation]
Generated description
Linear Estimation is a foundational text in signal processing and control theory that systematically develops the theory and applications of optimal estimation, including Kalman filtering and related methods.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Linear Estimation Target entity description: Linear Estimation is a foundational text in signal processing and control theory that systematically develops the theory and applications of optimal estimation, including Kalman filtering and related methods.
-
A.
method of least squares
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
-
B.
Gauss–Markov theorem
The Gauss–Markov theorem is a fundamental result in statistics stating that, under certain conditions, the ordinary least squares estimator is the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the coefficients in a linear regression model.
-
C.
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process
The Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process is a continuous-time stochastic process that models mean-reverting random motion, widely used in physics and quantitative finance to describe systems fluctuating around a long-term equilibrium.
-
D.
LinearAlgebra
LinearAlgebra is Julia’s standard library module providing core functionality for vectors, matrices, and advanced linear algebra operations.
-
E.
Gaussian law of error
The Gaussian law of error is a fundamental statistical principle stating that measurement errors tend to follow a normal (bell-shaped) distribution, forming the basis of much of probability theory and statistical inference.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a498532c3481909223b74af2e578df |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:49 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4c1560f888190bdd9107b08395e0b |
completed | March 1, 2026, 10:44 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69acbaec736881909645919764d73f5f |
completed | March 7, 2026, 11:55 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69acbbe67f0881908796ae064e72571d |
completed | March 7, 2026, 11:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69acbc8c3cc88190a0764b8d306b40ab |
completed | March 8, 2026, 12:02 a.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:55 p.m.