Triple

T13014330
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Francis E. Low E322506 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Gell-Mann–Low renormalization group equation E59631 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gell-Mann–Low renormalization group equation | Statement: [Francis E. Low, knownFor, Gell-Mann–Low renormalization group equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Gell-Mann–Low renormalization group equation
Context triple: [Francis E. Low, knownFor, Gell-Mann–Low renormalization group equation]
  • A. Wilsonian renormalization group
    The Wilsonian renormalization group is a framework in theoretical physics that explains how a system’s behavior changes with scale by systematically integrating out short-distance degrees of freedom, providing deep insight into critical phenomena and quantum field theories.
  • B. Gell-Mann–Low theorem chosen
    The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
  • C. Renormalization and Galois Theories
    Renormalization and Galois Theories is a mathematical physics work that connects the renormalization process in quantum field theory with Galois theory and motives, revealing deep arithmetic and geometric structures underlying quantum phenomena.
  • D. Slavnov–Taylor identities
    Slavnov–Taylor identities are relations in non-Abelian gauge theories that generalize Ward identities, ensuring the consistency and renormalizability of gauge-invariant quantum field theories.
  • E. renormalization group
    The renormalization group is a mathematical framework in theoretical physics that systematically studies how physical systems and their parameters change with scale, crucial for understanding critical phenomena and quantum field theories.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d807657e8c8190bd9435ee2f823845 completed April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d97ecbb8f4819094d55eb07cb5ad97 completed April 10, 2026, 10:50 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f6c11290e08190a41c162d47094203 completed May 3, 2026, 3:29 a.m.
Created at: April 9, 2026, 8:50 p.m.