Triple
T13014327
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Francis E. Low |
E322506
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Gell-Mann–Low theorem |
E59631
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Gell-Mann–Low theorem | Statement: [Francis E. Low, notableWork, Gell-Mann–Low theorem]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Gell-Mann–Low theorem Context triple: [Francis E. Low, notableWork, Gell-Mann–Low theorem]
-
A.
Gell-Mann–Low theorem
chosen
The Gell-Mann–Low theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously connects interacting quantum fields to free fields via the adiabatic switching-on of interactions, underpinning the use of perturbation theory and the Dyson series.
-
B.
Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem
The Bogoliubov–Parasyuk theorem is a fundamental result in quantum field theory that rigorously establishes a systematic procedure for renormalizing divergent Feynman diagrams.
-
C.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
D.
Slavnov–Taylor identities
Slavnov–Taylor identities are relations in non-Abelian gauge theories that generalize Ward identities, ensuring the consistency and renormalizability of gauge-invariant quantum field theories.
-
E.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d807657e8c8190bd9435ee2f823845 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 8:09 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d97ecbb8f4819094d55eb07cb5ad97 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 10:50 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f6c11290e08190a41c162d47094203 |
completed | May 3, 2026, 3:29 a.m. |
Created at: April 9, 2026, 8:50 p.m.