Triple

T12737185
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject United States federal securities laws E304391 entity
Predicate includes P1393 FINISHED
Object Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 is a U.S. federal law that tightened standards for securities fraud lawsuits, aiming to curb frivolous shareholder litigation while enhancing protections for investors through improved disclosure and accountability requirements.
 E999340 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 | Statement: [United States federal securities laws, includes, Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995]

Disambiguation candidates (2 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Context triple: [United States federal securities laws, includes, Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995]
  • A. Securities Investor Protection Act
    The Securities Investor Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that created the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) and establishes procedures to protect customers and recover assets when brokerage firms fail.
  • B. National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996
    The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 is a U.S. federal law that reallocated regulatory authority between federal and state securities regulators to streamline oversight of investment advisers and securities offerings.
  • C. U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934
    The U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a landmark federal law that created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and established comprehensive regulation of secondary trading of securities in the United States to restore investor confidence and prevent market abuses.
  • D. Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002
    The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 is a U.S. federal law that established sweeping reforms to improve corporate governance, financial reporting, and auditor independence in response to major accounting scandals.
  • E. Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act
    The Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act is a U.S. federal law that requires companies to notify the government and observe a waiting period before completing certain large mergers and acquisitions, enabling antitrust authorities to review deals for potential anti-competitive effects.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Target entity description: The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 is a U.S. federal law that tightened standards for securities fraud lawsuits, aiming to curb frivolous shareholder litigation while enhancing protections for investors through improved disclosure and accountability requirements.
  • A. Securities Investor Protection Act
    The Securities Investor Protection Act is a U.S. federal law that created the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (SIPC) and establishes procedures to protect customers and recover assets when brokerage firms fail.
  • B. National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996
    The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996 is a U.S. federal law that reallocated regulatory authority between federal and state securities regulators to streamline oversight of investment advisers and securities offerings.
  • C. U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934
    The U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a landmark federal law that created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and established comprehensive regulation of secondary trading of securities in the United States to restore investor confidence and prevent market abuses.
  • D. Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002
    The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 is a U.S. federal law that established sweeping reforms to improve corporate governance, financial reporting, and auditor independence in response to major accounting scandals.
  • E. Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act
    The Hart–Scott–Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act is a U.S. federal law that requires companies to notify the government and observe a waiting period before completing certain large mergers and acquisitions, enabling antitrust authorities to review deals for potential anti-competitive effects.
  • F. None of above. chosen

How the object was described

The object's one-sentence description was generated by prompting gpt-5.1 with the object name and this triple as context.

Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995
Triple: [United States federal securities laws, includes, Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995]
Generated description
The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 is a U.S. federal law that tightened standards for securities fraud lawsuits, aiming to curb frivolous shareholder litigation while enhancing protections for investors through improved disclosure and accountability requirements.

Provenance (5 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69d7bdf1426c8190a4402e1c4cdec33a elicitation completed
NER batch_69d9646cfcac81909283dca987755c0e ner completed
NED1 batch_69f67c8e2dbc81909c1c85ca699a2679 ned_source_triple completed
NED2 batch_69f67e12b8148190958b63ba114d6221 ned_description completed
NEDg batch_69f67d888d7c8190b9aaeb877984a403 nedg completed
Created at: April 9, 2026, 5:26 p.m.