Triple
T1264605
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | A. J. Ayer |
E12572
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge is a 1940 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that defends logical empiricism by critically examining sense-data theories and the justification of empirical beliefs.
|
E146750
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge | Statement: [A. J. Ayer, notableWork, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge Context triple: [A. J. Ayer, notableWork, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge]
-
A.
The Problem of Knowledge
The Problem of Knowledge is a 1956 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that critically examines the nature, limits, and justification of human knowledge within the analytic tradition.
-
B.
The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences
The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences is William Whewell’s major 19th-century work in the philosophy of science, elaborating a systematic account of scientific method and the role of induction in the development of scientific knowledge.
-
C.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
The Logic of Scientific Discovery is Karl Popper’s foundational philosophical work that introduces falsifiability as the key criterion distinguishing scientific theories from non-scientific ones.
-
D.
Logic: The Theory of Inquiry
Logic: The Theory of Inquiry is John Dewey’s major work on logic, presenting a pragmatic account of reasoning as an experimental, inquiry-driven process grounded in experience.
-
E.
History of the Inductive Sciences
History of the Inductive Sciences is William Whewell’s comprehensive 19th-century survey of the development of scientific knowledge and methods from antiquity to his own time.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge Triple: [A. J. Ayer, notableWork, The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge]
Generated description
The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge is a 1940 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that defends logical empiricism by critically examining sense-data theories and the justification of empirical beliefs.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge Target entity description: The Foundations of Empirical Knowledge is a 1940 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that defends logical empiricism by critically examining sense-data theories and the justification of empirical beliefs.
-
A.
The Problem of Knowledge
The Problem of Knowledge is a 1956 philosophical work by A. J. Ayer that critically examines the nature, limits, and justification of human knowledge within the analytic tradition.
-
B.
The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences
The Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences is William Whewell’s major 19th-century work in the philosophy of science, elaborating a systematic account of scientific method and the role of induction in the development of scientific knowledge.
-
C.
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
The Logic of Scientific Discovery is Karl Popper’s foundational philosophical work that introduces falsifiability as the key criterion distinguishing scientific theories from non-scientific ones.
-
D.
Logic: The Theory of Inquiry
Logic: The Theory of Inquiry is John Dewey’s major work on logic, presenting a pragmatic account of reasoning as an experimental, inquiry-driven process grounded in experience.
-
E.
History of the Inductive Sciences
History of the Inductive Sciences is William Whewell’s comprehensive 19th-century survey of the development of scientific knowledge and methods from antiquity to his own time.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a4933352e08190ac617291985e76c0 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:27 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4c03573a48190b5851f0a734c2d6f |
completed | March 1, 2026, 10:39 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69aca2f1d1008190bd86948eb1b35b2d |
completed | March 7, 2026, 10:13 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69aca76c18d081908154d2a04c7a3328 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 10:32 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69aca7d3c740819084c87134e5818455 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 10:33 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:50 p.m.