Triple

T1249104
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Snell’s law of refraction E26832 entity
Predicate historicallyAttributedTo P4595 FINISHED
Object Willebrord Snellius
Willebrord Snellius was a Dutch mathematician and astronomer best known for formulating the law that describes how light bends when passing between different media.
E147648 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Willebrord Snellius | Statement: [Snell’s law of refraction, historicallyAttributedTo, Willebrord Snellius]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Willebrord Snellius
Context triple: [Snell’s law of refraction, historicallyAttributedTo, Willebrord Snellius]
  • A. Christiaan Huygens
    Christiaan Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for his work on the wave theory of light, the invention of the pendulum clock, and the discovery of Saturn’s moon Titan.
  • B. Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen
    Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen was a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter renowned for his elegant, detailed likenesses of English and Dutch sitters.
  • C. Lodewijk Huygens
    Lodewijk Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch diplomat and art collector from the prominent Huygens family, known for his cultural and political activities in the Dutch Republic.
  • D. Regiomontanus
    Regiomontanus was a 15th-century German mathematician and astronomer whose advanced astronomical tables and theoretical work significantly shaped the development of Renaissance astronomy and influenced later figures like Copernicus.
  • E. Frans van Schooten
    Frans van Schooten was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician best known for editing and expanding René Descartes’ "La Géométrie," thereby significantly influencing the development of analytic geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Willebrord Snellius
Triple: [Snell’s law of refraction, historicallyAttributedTo, Willebrord Snellius]
Generated description
Willebrord Snellius was a Dutch mathematician and astronomer best known for formulating the law that describes how light bends when passing between different media.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Willebrord Snellius
Target entity description: Willebrord Snellius was a Dutch mathematician and astronomer best known for formulating the law that describes how light bends when passing between different media.
  • A. Christiaan Huygens
    Christiaan Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for his work on the wave theory of light, the invention of the pendulum clock, and the discovery of Saturn’s moon Titan.
  • B. Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen
    Cornelis Janssens van Ceulen was a Dutch Golden Age portrait painter renowned for his elegant, detailed likenesses of English and Dutch sitters.
  • C. Lodewijk Huygens
    Lodewijk Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch diplomat and art collector from the prominent Huygens family, known for his cultural and political activities in the Dutch Republic.
  • D. Regiomontanus
    Regiomontanus was a 15th-century German mathematician and astronomer whose advanced astronomical tables and theoretical work significantly shaped the development of Renaissance astronomy and influenced later figures like Copernicus.
  • E. Frans van Schooten
    Frans van Schooten was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician best known for editing and expanding René Descartes’ "La Géométrie," thereby significantly influencing the development of analytic geometry.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49487a9c48190ba9b05348fd1b53f completed March 1, 2026, 7:33 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bf83b32c81908648e5748b897247 completed March 1, 2026, 10:36 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69acacb3bf588190a6d042a01dfa31e5 completed March 7, 2026, 10:54 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69acad20da088190a3b55a5d46e8d951 completed March 7, 2026, 10:56 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69acae0392fc8190b644f4b233bbc3ff completed March 7, 2026, 11 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:47 p.m.