Triple
T12410442
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Central Sudan |
E296499
|
entity |
| Predicate | historicallyIncluded |
P12102
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Kanem-Bornu |
E227595
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kanem-Bornu | Statement: [Central Sudan, historicallyIncluded, Kanem-Bornu]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kanem-Bornu Context triple: [Central Sudan, historicallyIncluded, Kanem-Bornu]
-
A.
Kanem Empire
chosen
The Kanem Empire was a powerful medieval African kingdom centered around Lake Chad that flourished as a hub of trans-Saharan trade and Islamic scholarship from roughly the 9th to the 14th century.
-
B.
Bambara Empire
The Bambara Empire was a powerful 17th–19th century West African state centered in present-day Mali, known for its military expansion, vibrant trade, and rich Bambara cultural traditions.
-
C.
Kebbi Kingdom
Kebbi Kingdom was a historic Hausa state in what is now northwestern Nigeria, known for its role in regional trade and military power in the central Sudan region.
-
D.
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire was a powerful medieval West African state renowned for its wealth, trans-Saharan trade networks, and centers of Islamic learning such as Timbuktu.
-
E.
Fulani Empire
The Fulani Empire was a powerful 19th-century West African Islamic state centered in what is now northern Nigeria, established through a jihad that reshaped the region’s political and religious landscape.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6ad9f464c81909db36d7e96e34b9e |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:33 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d94d4b86c88190afba0de15b34eee9 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 7:19 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f69b8077d081908e226e5bf856bcbf |
completed | May 3, 2026, 12:49 a.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:55 p.m.