Triple

T1225563

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	Steven Weinberg	`E26318`	entity
Predicate	notableWork	`P4`	FINISHED
Object	Gravitation and Cosmology Gravitation and Cosmology is a landmark graduate-level textbook by Steven Weinberg that presents a comprehensive, modern treatment of general relativity and its applications to cosmology and astrophysics.	`E140691`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Gravitation and Cosmology | Statement: [Steven Weinberg, notableWork, Gravitation and Cosmology]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Gravitation and Cosmology
Context triple: [Steven Weinberg, notableWork, Gravitation and Cosmology]

A. general relativity
General relativity is Albert Einstein’s theory of gravitation that describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy, successfully explaining phenomena from planetary orbits to black holes and gravitational waves.
B. FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
C. Einstein field equations
The Einstein field equations are the core mathematical framework of general relativity, relating the curvature of spacetime to the distribution of matter and energy.
D. Gravitation (with Charles Misner and Kip Thorne)
Gravitation (with Charles Misner and Kip Thorne) is a landmark, comprehensive textbook on general relativity and gravitational physics, widely regarded as a foundational reference in the field.
E. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Gravitation and Cosmology
Triple: [Steven Weinberg, notableWork, Gravitation and Cosmology]

Generated description

Gravitation and Cosmology is a landmark graduate-level textbook by Steven Weinberg that presents a comprehensive, modern treatment of general relativity and its applications to cosmology and astrophysics.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Gravitation and Cosmology
Target entity description: Gravitation and Cosmology is a landmark graduate-level textbook by Steven Weinberg that presents a comprehensive, modern treatment of general relativity and its applications to cosmology and astrophysics.

A. general relativity
General relativity is Albert Einstein’s theory of gravitation that describes gravity as the curvature of spacetime caused by mass and energy, successfully explaining phenomena from planetary orbits to black holes and gravitational waves.
B. FLRW cosmological models
FLRW cosmological models are a family of solutions to Einstein’s field equations that describe a homogeneous and isotropic expanding or contracting universe, forming the standard framework for modern cosmology.
C. Einstein field equations
The Einstein field equations are the core mathematical framework of general relativity, relating the curvature of spacetime to the distribution of matter and energy.
D. Gravitation (with Charles Misner and Kip Thorne)
Gravitation (with Charles Misner and Kip Thorne) is a landmark, comprehensive textbook on general relativity and gravitational physics, widely regarded as a foundational reference in the field.
E. Schwarzschild–Milne equations
The Schwarzschild–Milne equations are fundamental integro-differential equations in radiative transfer theory that describe the propagation and scattering of radiation through a plane-parallel, absorbing and emitting medium.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69a49484688c8190a1bf285eb396a8b6`	completed	March 1, 2026, 7:33 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69a4be39908481908cca21aaf0828415`	completed	March 1, 2026, 10:31 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69ac8a0fcf508190be3668bd55f6f6d6`	completed	March 7, 2026, 8:26 p.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69ac8ab214c48190a60c6604a67f9cf2`	completed	March 7, 2026, 8:29 p.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69ac8b0db83c81909db3c501a435f1d1`	completed	March 7, 2026, 8:31 p.m.

Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:47 p.m.