Triple
T12071182
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | kinetic theory of gases |
E287424
|
entity |
| Predicate | historicalDevelopmentBy |
P1823
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Ludwig Boltzmann |
E7359
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ludwig Boltzmann | Statement: [kinetic theory of gases, historicalDevelopmentBy, Ludwig Boltzmann]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ludwig Boltzmann Context triple: [kinetic theory of gases, historicalDevelopmentBy, Ludwig Boltzmann]
-
A.
Ludwig Boltzmann
chosen
Ludwig Boltzmann was an Austrian physicist and one of the founders of statistical mechanics, whose work established the statistical nature of thermodynamics and the microscopic interpretation of entropy.
-
B.
Rudolf Clausius
Rudolf Clausius was a 19th-century German physicist and mathematician who was a founding figure of thermodynamics, best known for formulating the second law and introducing the concept of entropy.
-
C.
Wilhelm Wien
Wilhelm Wien was a German physicist best known for formulating Wien's displacement law, which describes the shift of blackbody radiation spectra with temperature and contributed significantly to the development of quantum theory.
-
D.
Karl Planck
Karl Planck was one of the children of the renowned German theoretical physicist Max Planck.
-
E.
Josef Stefan
Josef Stefan was a 19th-century Austrian physicist best known for formulating the Stefan–Boltzmann law relating the temperature of a black body to its radiant energy.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6ab4846e081908ee7bbd66a6d3459 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d915124e4c8190b0264c2a09e3c2f3 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 3:19 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f5f65ccc788190942e16c56f2a495f |
completed | May 2, 2026, 1:04 p.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:48 p.m.