Triple

T12011771
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Raoul Bott E285919 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology
Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology is a foundational graduate-level textbook that develops algebraic topology using the language of differential forms, bridging differential geometry and topological methods.
E960596 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology | Statement: [Raoul Bott, notableWork, Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology
Context triple: [Raoul Bott, notableWork, Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology]
  • A. "Algebraic Topology"
    "Algebraic Topology" is a foundational mathematical text that develops topological concepts using algebraic methods such as homology and cohomology theories.
  • B. Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables
    "Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables" is a seminal mathematical work by René Thom that helped found differential topology by studying global properties of differentiable manifolds.
  • C. Chern–Weil theory
    Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
  • D. J. Munkres, Elementary Differential Topology
    "J. Munkres, Elementary Differential Topology" is a classic introductory textbook that rigorously develops the foundations of differential topology, including topics such as smooth manifolds, transversality, and approximation theorems.
  • E. Cheeger–Simons differential characters
    Cheeger–Simons differential characters are geometric invariants that refine ordinary cohomology by incorporating both integral cohomology classes and differential form data, providing a model for differential cohomology theories.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology
Triple: [Raoul Bott, notableWork, Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology]
Generated description
Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology is a foundational graduate-level textbook that develops algebraic topology using the language of differential forms, bridging differential geometry and topological methods.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology
Target entity description: Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology is a foundational graduate-level textbook that develops algebraic topology using the language of differential forms, bridging differential geometry and topological methods.
  • A. "Algebraic Topology"
    "Algebraic Topology" is a foundational mathematical text that develops topological concepts using algebraic methods such as homology and cohomology theories.
  • B. Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables
    "Quelques propriétés globales des variétés différentiables" is a seminal mathematical work by René Thom that helped found differential topology by studying global properties of differentiable manifolds.
  • C. Chern–Weil theory
    Chern–Weil theory is a framework in differential geometry that constructs characteristic classes of vector bundles from curvature forms, linking topology and geometry through invariant polynomials.
  • D. J. Munkres, Elementary Differential Topology
    "J. Munkres, Elementary Differential Topology" is a classic introductory textbook that rigorously develops the foundations of differential topology, including topics such as smooth manifolds, transversality, and approximation theorems.
  • E. Cheeger–Simons differential characters
    Cheeger–Simons differential characters are geometric invariants that refine ordinary cohomology by incorporating both integral cohomology classes and differential form data, providing a model for differential cohomology theories.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6ab45a368819084fce08bf0dc3705 completed April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d903d7777481908cd5a001f75e2ee3 completed April 10, 2026, 2:06 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f48b363c6481908c8414c1eecc14f5 completed May 1, 2026, 11:15 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f48fc6da4c81908442f18cb4a65b27 completed May 1, 2026, 11:34 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f495cc50908190aab4f8ca64c66ef3 completed May 1, 2026, noon
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:46 p.m.