Triple

T12011770
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Raoul Bott E285919 entity
Predicate coAuthor P398 FINISHED
Object Loring W. Tu
Loring W. Tu is a mathematician known for his work in differential geometry and topology, including coauthoring the influential textbook "Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology."
E963160 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Loring W. Tu | Statement: [Raoul Bott, coAuthor, Loring W. Tu]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loring W. Tu
Context triple: [Raoul Bott, coAuthor, Loring W. Tu]
  • A. Jonathan I. Coddington
    Jonathan I. Coddington is an American arachnologist and biodiversity scientist known for his research on spider systematics and his leadership roles at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History.
  • B. Stephen P. Yokich
    Stephen P. Yokich was an American labor leader who played a prominent role in representing and negotiating for autoworkers in the United States.
  • C. Murray A. Newman
    Murray A. Newman was a Canadian marine biologist and conservationist best known for establishing and leading the Vancouver Aquarium as a pioneering center for marine research and public education.
  • D. Lawrence C. Paulson
    Lawrence C. Paulson is a British computer scientist known for his pioneering work in interactive theorem proving and formal methods, particularly in connection with the Isabelle proof assistant.
  • E. Stephen K. Robinson
    Stephen K. Robinson is a former NASA astronaut and aerospace engineer who flew on multiple Space Shuttle missions and conducted spacewalks to help assemble and repair the International Space Station.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Loring W. Tu
Triple: [Raoul Bott, coAuthor, Loring W. Tu]
Generated description
Loring W. Tu is a mathematician known for his work in differential geometry and topology, including coauthoring the influential textbook "Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology."
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Loring W. Tu
Target entity description: Loring W. Tu is a mathematician known for his work in differential geometry and topology, including coauthoring the influential textbook "Differential Forms in Algebraic Topology."
  • A. Jonathan I. Coddington
    Jonathan I. Coddington is an American arachnologist and biodiversity scientist known for his research on spider systematics and his leadership roles at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History.
  • B. Stephen P. Yokich
    Stephen P. Yokich was an American labor leader who played a prominent role in representing and negotiating for autoworkers in the United States.
  • C. Murray A. Newman
    Murray A. Newman was a Canadian marine biologist and conservationist best known for establishing and leading the Vancouver Aquarium as a pioneering center for marine research and public education.
  • D. Lawrence C. Paulson
    Lawrence C. Paulson is a British computer scientist known for his pioneering work in interactive theorem proving and formal methods, particularly in connection with the Isabelle proof assistant.
  • E. Stephen K. Robinson
    Stephen K. Robinson is a former NASA astronaut and aerospace engineer who flew on multiple Space Shuttle missions and conducted spacewalks to help assemble and repair the International Space Station.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6ab45a368819084fce08bf0dc3705 completed April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d903d7777481908cd5a001f75e2ee3 completed April 10, 2026, 2:06 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f5f642801881909a94d67c99bfd110 completed May 2, 2026, 1:04 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f5fde880f4819094b2170bf4e82138 completed May 2, 2026, 1:36 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f5ffc2cfd08190b87eccd3a73afc77 completed May 2, 2026, 1:44 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:46 p.m.