Triple
T11961438
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Fischer Black |
E284677
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Black–Derman–Toy model
The Black–Derman–Toy model is a one-factor short-rate interest rate model widely used in finance to price interest rate derivatives and construct yield curves.
|
E956274
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Black–Derman–Toy model | Statement: [Fischer Black, knownFor, Black–Derman–Toy model]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Black–Derman–Toy model Context triple: [Fischer Black, knownFor, Black–Derman–Toy model]
-
A.
Black–Scholes model
The Black–Scholes model is a fundamental mathematical framework in financial economics for pricing options and other derivatives by modeling asset prices as stochastic processes.
-
B.
Bachelier
Bachelier was a prominent 19th-century French publishing house known for issuing influential scientific and philosophical works.
-
C.
Itô’s lemma
Itô’s lemma is a fundamental result in stochastic calculus that generalizes the chain rule to functions of stochastic processes, especially Brownian motion.
-
D.
Modigliani–Brumberg model
The Modigliani–Brumberg model is an economic life-cycle theory explaining how individuals plan consumption and saving over their lifetimes to smooth living standards despite changing income.
-
E.
Feynman–Kac formula
The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Black–Derman–Toy model Triple: [Fischer Black, knownFor, Black–Derman–Toy model]
Generated description
The Black–Derman–Toy model is a one-factor short-rate interest rate model widely used in finance to price interest rate derivatives and construct yield curves.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Black–Derman–Toy model Target entity description: The Black–Derman–Toy model is a one-factor short-rate interest rate model widely used in finance to price interest rate derivatives and construct yield curves.
-
A.
Black–Scholes model
The Black–Scholes model is a fundamental mathematical framework in financial economics for pricing options and other derivatives by modeling asset prices as stochastic processes.
-
B.
Bachelier
Bachelier was a prominent 19th-century French publishing house known for issuing influential scientific and philosophical works.
-
C.
Itô’s lemma
Itô’s lemma is a fundamental result in stochastic calculus that generalizes the chain rule to functions of stochastic processes, especially Brownian motion.
-
D.
Modigliani–Brumberg model
The Modigliani–Brumberg model is an economic life-cycle theory explaining how individuals plan consumption and saving over their lifetimes to smooth living standards despite changing income.
-
E.
Feynman–Kac formula
The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6ab2eaeb881909f7914758f859413 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d9037848f481908276716675464464 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 2:04 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69f4592fa9a48190a0450e3d0c57c4d3 |
completed | May 1, 2026, 7:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69f4645ef63881909b46937f73d637a3 |
completed | May 1, 2026, 8:29 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69f465be4db08190882898a17d077019 |
completed | May 1, 2026, 8:35 a.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:45 p.m.