Triple

T1193228
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Anthony M. Kennedy E25608 entity
Predicate notableCaseOpinion P1628 FINISHED
Object United States v. Windsor
United States v. Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down key parts of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
E138408 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: United States v. Windsor | Statement: [Anthony M. Kennedy, notableCaseOpinion, United States v. Windsor]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Windsor
Context triple: [Anthony M. Kennedy, notableCaseOpinion, United States v. Windsor]
  • A. Obergefell v. Hodges
    Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
  • B. Lawrence v. Texas (in part)
    Lawrence v. Texas (in part) is a landmark 2003 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down laws criminalizing consensual same-sex intimacy, expanding constitutional protections for LGBTQ+ individuals.
  • C. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
    Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that closely held for-profit corporations can claim religious exemptions from certain federal regulations under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
  • D. Bostock v. Clayton County
    Bostock v. Clayton County is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held federal employment discrimination law protects employees from being fired for being gay or transgender.
  • E. Reed v. Reed
    Reed v. Reed is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that for the first time struck down a law for discriminating on the basis of sex under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: United States v. Windsor
Triple: [Anthony M. Kennedy, notableCaseOpinion, United States v. Windsor]
Generated description
United States v. Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down key parts of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: United States v. Windsor
Target entity description: United States v. Windsor is a landmark 2013 U.S. Supreme Court case that struck down key parts of the Defense of Marriage Act, advancing federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
  • A. Obergefell v. Hodges
    Obergefell v. Hodges is the landmark 2015 U.S. Supreme Court decision that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide by ruling that same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marry.
  • B. Lawrence v. Texas (in part)
    Lawrence v. Texas (in part) is a landmark 2003 U.S. Supreme Court decision that struck down laws criminalizing consensual same-sex intimacy, expanding constitutional protections for LGBTQ+ individuals.
  • C. Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc.
    Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. is a 2014 U.S. Supreme Court case in which the Court held that closely held for-profit corporations can claim religious exemptions from certain federal regulations under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.
  • D. Bostock v. Clayton County
    Bostock v. Clayton County is a 2020 U.S. Supreme Court decision that held federal employment discrimination law protects employees from being fired for being gay or transgender.
  • E. Reed v. Reed
    Reed v. Reed is a landmark 1971 U.S. Supreme Court case that for the first time struck down a law for discriminating on the basis of sex under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a49429f5ec8190a6a205eb0ae81e5e completed March 1, 2026, 7:31 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bf15423481909cb3e661e58d3d94 completed March 1, 2026, 10:35 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac7f36371c8190a656463a9ae6402a completed March 7, 2026, 7:40 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac7f9a55dc819098204d53aac70ef3 completed March 7, 2026, 7:42 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac80c3c6b08190a99119f5661c0157 completed March 7, 2026, 7:47 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:46 p.m.