Triple

T11874248
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Carl O. Sauer E282482 entity
Predicate hasNotableStudent P4838 FINISHED
Object David Lowenthal
David Lowenthal was an American historian and geographer best known for his influential work on heritage studies, particularly his book "The Past is a Foreign Country."
E950656 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: David Lowenthal | Statement: [Carl O. Sauer, hasNotableStudent, David Lowenthal]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: David Lowenthal
Context triple: [Carl O. Sauer, hasNotableStudent, David Lowenthal]
  • A. Michael Kammen
    Michael Kammen was an American historian renowned for his work on U.S. cultural history and collective memory, and a Pulitzer Prize-winning author.
  • B. Sebastian Brock
    Sebastian Brock is a leading British scholar of Syriac studies, renowned for his translations and research on early Syriac Christian literature.
  • C. Robert Homans
    Robert Homans was an American character actor of the early 20th century, known for his numerous supporting roles in Hollywood films.
  • D. Brian Fagan
    Brian Fagan is a British-born archaeologist and prolific author known for his popular books on ancient civilizations, climate history, and the human past.
  • E. Hayden White
    Hayden White was an American historian and literary theorist best known for his work on the narrative and rhetorical structures of historical writing, especially in his influential book "Metahistory."
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: David Lowenthal
Triple: [Carl O. Sauer, hasNotableStudent, David Lowenthal]
Generated description
David Lowenthal was an American historian and geographer best known for his influential work on heritage studies, particularly his book "The Past is a Foreign Country."
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: David Lowenthal
Target entity description: David Lowenthal was an American historian and geographer best known for his influential work on heritage studies, particularly his book "The Past is a Foreign Country."
  • A. Michael Kammen
    Michael Kammen was an American historian renowned for his work on U.S. cultural history and collective memory, and a Pulitzer Prize-winning author.
  • B. Sebastian Brock
    Sebastian Brock is a leading British scholar of Syriac studies, renowned for his translations and research on early Syriac Christian literature.
  • C. Robert Homans
    Robert Homans was an American character actor of the early 20th century, known for his numerous supporting roles in Hollywood films.
  • D. Brian Fagan
    Brian Fagan is a British-born archaeologist and prolific author known for his popular books on ancient civilizations, climate history, and the human past.
  • E. Hayden White
    Hayden White was an American historian and literary theorist best known for his work on the narrative and rhetorical structures of historical writing, especially in his influential book "Metahistory."
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6ab2945d081908a5851c916cbcfb5 completed April 8, 2026, 7:23 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8be1a22448190bd0722188c14d7bd completed April 10, 2026, 9:08 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69f281cac9a48190b4b0f4c53b41110f completed April 29, 2026, 10:10 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69f28a9378348190866e38259cc9467e completed April 29, 2026, 10:47 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69f28c5f7638819098aa93aa1610ca0a completed April 29, 2026, 10:55 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:43 p.m.