Triple
T11583795
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Supernova Cosmology Project |
E274697
|
entity |
| Predicate | keyPaperTitle |
P33185
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
|
E274697
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae | Statement: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae Context triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
-
A.
Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
"Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
-
B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
-
C.
Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
-
D.
Lambda-CDM model
The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
-
E.
Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
"Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae Triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
Generated description
"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae Target entity description: "Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
-
A.
Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
"Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
-
B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
chosen
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
-
C.
Recalibration of the Hubble constant
Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
-
D.
Lambda-CDM model
The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
-
E.
Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
"Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
- F. None of above.
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: keyPaperTitle Context triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
-
A.
keyArticle
Indicates that an article is a primary or central reference for understanding, supporting, or defining another entity or topic.
-
B.
publicationTitle
chosen
Indicates the name or title under which a work (such as an article, book, or paper) is formally published.
-
C.
keyOfWork
Indicates that one entity specifies the musical key in which a particular work is composed or performed.
-
D.
citationKey
Indicates a unique identifier assigned to a specific citation or bibliographic reference within a collection of references.
-
E.
keyWorkOf
Indicates that the subject is a central, defining, or most important work created by the object (such as an artist, author, or creator).
- F. None of above.
Provenance (6 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aae6b14c81908dc5a74bad7591f9 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d8904db5748190ae5f10ae86ccdf46 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:53 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69e8a78d80448190a93ca0ebfbd7e3a4 |
completed | April 22, 2026, 10:48 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69e8af93e07c8190aecb040cac6db146 |
completed | April 22, 2026, 11:23 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ee5b254a2081909cba97a6ecb10601 |
completed | April 26, 2026, 6:36 p.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69d85dcbacd0819094d4a1237055affa |
completed | April 10, 2026, 2:17 a.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:38 p.m.