Triple

T11583795
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Supernova Cosmology Project E274697 entity
Predicate keyPaperTitle P33185 FINISHED
Object Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
E274697 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae | Statement: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
Context triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
  • A. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
    "Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
  • B. Supernova Cosmology Project
    The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
  • C. Recalibration of the Hubble constant
    Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
  • D. Lambda-CDM model
    The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
  • E. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
Triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
Generated description
"Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae
Target entity description: "Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae" is a landmark Supernova Cosmology Project paper that used distant Type Ia supernova observations to measure the universe’s matter and dark energy densities, providing key evidence for cosmic acceleration.
  • A. Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
    "Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
  • B. Supernova Cosmology Project chosen
    The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
  • C. Recalibration of the Hubble constant
    Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
  • D. Lambda-CDM model
    The Lambda-CDM model is the standard cosmological framework describing a universe dominated by dark energy (Λ) and cold dark matter (CDM), successfully explaining the large-scale structure, expansion history, and cosmic microwave background observations.
  • E. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • F. None of above.
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: keyPaperTitle
Context triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, keyPaperTitle, Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 High-Redshift Supernovae]
  • A. keyArticle
    Indicates that an article is a primary or central reference for understanding, supporting, or defining another entity or topic.
  • B. publicationTitle chosen
    Indicates the name or title under which a work (such as an article, book, or paper) is formally published.
  • C. keyOfWork
    Indicates that one entity specifies the musical key in which a particular work is composed or performed.
  • D. citationKey
    Indicates a unique identifier assigned to a specific citation or bibliographic reference within a collection of references.
  • E. keyWorkOf
    Indicates that the subject is a central, defining, or most important work created by the object (such as an artist, author, or creator).
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aae6b14c81908dc5a74bad7591f9 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8904db5748190ae5f10ae86ccdf46 completed April 10, 2026, 5:53 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e8a78d80448190a93ca0ebfbd7e3a4 completed April 22, 2026, 10:48 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e8af93e07c8190aecb040cac6db146 completed April 22, 2026, 11:23 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ee5b254a2081909cba97a6ecb10601 completed April 26, 2026, 6:36 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69d85dcbacd0819094d4a1237055affa completed April 10, 2026, 2:17 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:38 p.m.