Triple

T11583792
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Supernova Cosmology Project E274697 entity
Predicate notableMember P10 FINISHED
Object Carl Pennypacker
Carl Pennypacker is an astrophysicist known for his contributions to observational cosmology and the study of supernovae, particularly through his work with the Supernova Cosmology Project.
E934863 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carl Pennypacker | Statement: [Supernova Cosmology Project, notableMember, Carl Pennypacker]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carl Pennypacker
Context triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, notableMember, Carl Pennypacker]
  • A. Merle Dunetz
    Merle Dunetz is a member of the Phoenix family, known primarily as the sister of activist and social worker Arlyn Phoenix and aunt to actors including Joaquin Phoenix.
  • B. Edward Peck
    Edward Peck is a British academic and university leader who serves as the vice-chancellor of Nottingham Trent University.
  • C. Edward Plaisted
    Edward Plaisted is a British aviation industry figure best known as the founder and long-time head of Skytrax, the airline and airport review and ranking organization.
  • D. Stanley Robison
    Stanley Robison was an American baseball executive best known for co-owning and operating 19th-century Major League clubs, including the Cleveland Spiders and later the St. Louis Cardinals.
  • E. William Opdyke
    William Opdyke is a computer scientist best known for pioneering the concept of code refactoring, including one of the earliest doctoral theses on the subject and contributions to the foundational work "Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code."
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carl Pennypacker
Triple: [Supernova Cosmology Project, notableMember, Carl Pennypacker]
Generated description
Carl Pennypacker is an astrophysicist known for his contributions to observational cosmology and the study of supernovae, particularly through his work with the Supernova Cosmology Project.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carl Pennypacker
Target entity description: Carl Pennypacker is an astrophysicist known for his contributions to observational cosmology and the study of supernovae, particularly through his work with the Supernova Cosmology Project.
  • A. Merle Dunetz
    Merle Dunetz is a member of the Phoenix family, known primarily as the sister of activist and social worker Arlyn Phoenix and aunt to actors including Joaquin Phoenix.
  • B. Edward Peck
    Edward Peck is a British academic and university leader who serves as the vice-chancellor of Nottingham Trent University.
  • C. Edward Plaisted
    Edward Plaisted is a British aviation industry figure best known as the founder and long-time head of Skytrax, the airline and airport review and ranking organization.
  • D. Stanley Robison
    Stanley Robison was an American baseball executive best known for co-owning and operating 19th-century Major League clubs, including the Cleveland Spiders and later the St. Louis Cardinals.
  • E. William Opdyke
    William Opdyke is a computer scientist best known for pioneering the concept of code refactoring, including one of the earliest doctoral theses on the subject and contributions to the foundational work "Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code."
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aae6b14c81908dc5a74bad7591f9 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8904db5748190ae5f10ae86ccdf46 completed April 10, 2026, 5:53 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e7142d442c8190a48372e0e17db517 completed April 21, 2026, 6:07 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e720fb192881909c129f93c8b88f42 completed April 21, 2026, 7:02 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e7233efb6c81909dbf1aef080f5598 completed April 21, 2026, 7:11 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:38 p.m.