Triple

T11583756
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject High-z Supernova Search Team E274696 entity
Predicate notablePublication P4 FINISHED
Object Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
"Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
E934860 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant | Statement: [High-z Supernova Search Team, notablePublication, Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Context triple: [High-z Supernova Search Team, notablePublication, Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant]
  • A. Supernova Cosmology Project
    The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
  • B. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • C. The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
    The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
  • D. Recalibration of the Hubble constant
    Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
  • E. Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
    The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Triple: [High-z Supernova Search Team, notablePublication, Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant]
Generated description
"Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
Target entity description: "Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant" is a landmark 1998 astrophysics paper that used distant Type Ia supernovae to demonstrate that the universe’s expansion is accelerating, providing strong evidence for dark energy.
  • A. Supernova Cosmology Project
    The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
  • B. Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe
    "Quintessence: The Mystery of Missing Mass in the Universe" is a popular science book that explores the nature of dark matter, dark energy, and the cosmic forces shaping the universe’s structure and fate.
  • C. The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
    The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
  • D. Recalibration of the Hubble constant
    Recalibration of the Hubble constant is a landmark astrophysical study by Allan R. Sandage that refined the value of the universe’s expansion rate using improved distance measurements to galaxies.
  • E. Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements
    The Hubble–Humason galaxy redshift measurements are a landmark set of observations that extended and refined Edwin Hubble’s work on the expanding universe by systematically measuring the redshifts of distant galaxies.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aae6b14c81908dc5a74bad7591f9 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8904db5748190ae5f10ae86ccdf46 completed April 10, 2026, 5:53 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e7142d442c8190a48372e0e17db517 completed April 21, 2026, 6:07 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e720fb192881909c129f93c8b88f42 completed April 21, 2026, 7:02 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e7233efb6c81909dbf1aef080f5598 completed April 21, 2026, 7:11 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:38 p.m.