Triple

T11532249
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Tressie McMillan Cottom E273450 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
E932122 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy | Statement: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
Context triple: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
  • A. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • B. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • C. Disrupting Class
    Disrupting Class is a book by Clayton Christensen that applies his theory of disruptive innovation to explain and forecast transformative changes in the education system.
  • D. Consortium on Financing Higher Education
    The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
  • E. The Crisis in Education
    "The Crisis in Education" is an essay by Hannah Arendt that examines the breakdown of traditional educational authority and its implications for modern society.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
Triple: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
Generated description
Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
Target entity description: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
  • A. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • B. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • C. Disrupting Class
    Disrupting Class is a book by Clayton Christensen that applies his theory of disruptive innovation to explain and forecast transformative changes in the education system.
  • D. Consortium on Financing Higher Education
    The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
  • E. The Crisis in Education
    "The Crisis in Education" is an essay by Hannah Arendt that examines the breakdown of traditional educational authority and its implications for modern society.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aae3fbec8190a14632a5df2538b6 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d8839a2c7081909c285d1f6beb971c completed April 10, 2026, 4:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e68577f5ec8190a46687119d288a36 completed April 20, 2026, 7:58 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e68fd6b6088190b24f552b5afc3f55 completed April 20, 2026, 8:43 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e6b7d683448190b7557bffd92b3ad6 completed April 20, 2026, 11:33 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:37 p.m.