Triple
T11532249
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Tressie McMillan Cottom |
E273450
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
|
E932122
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy | Statement: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy Context triple: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
-
A.
Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
"Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
-
B.
The Higher Learning in America
The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
-
C.
Disrupting Class
Disrupting Class is a book by Clayton Christensen that applies his theory of disruptive innovation to explain and forecast transformative changes in the education system.
-
D.
Consortium on Financing Higher Education
The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
-
E.
The Crisis in Education
"The Crisis in Education" is an essay by Hannah Arendt that examines the breakdown of traditional educational authority and its implications for modern society.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy Triple: [Tressie McMillan Cottom, notableWork, Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy]
Generated description
Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy Target entity description: Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
-
A.
Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
"Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
-
B.
The Higher Learning in America
The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
-
C.
Disrupting Class
Disrupting Class is a book by Clayton Christensen that applies his theory of disruptive innovation to explain and forecast transformative changes in the education system.
-
D.
Consortium on Financing Higher Education
The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
-
E.
The Crisis in Education
"The Crisis in Education" is an essay by Hannah Arendt that examines the breakdown of traditional educational authority and its implications for modern society.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aae3fbec8190a14632a5df2538b6 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d8839a2c7081909c285d1f6beb971c |
completed | April 10, 2026, 4:59 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69e68577f5ec8190a46687119d288a36 |
completed | April 20, 2026, 7:58 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69e68fd6b6088190b24f552b5afc3f55 |
completed | April 20, 2026, 8:43 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69e6b7d683448190b7557bffd92b3ad6 |
completed | April 20, 2026, 11:33 p.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:37 p.m.