Triple

T1135216
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Julian Schwinger E23122 entity
Predicate doctoralStudent P167 FINISHED
Object Roy Glauber
Roy Glauber was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in quantum optics and the quantum theory of optical coherence.
 E137306 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Roy Glauber | Statement: [Julian Schwinger, doctoralStudent, Roy Glauber]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Roy Glauber
Context triple: [Julian Schwinger, doctoralStudent, Roy Glauber]
  • A. Norman Ramsey
    Norman Ramsey was an American physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for developing the separated oscillatory field method, which enabled highly precise atomic clocks and advanced nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.
  • B. Serge Haroche
    Serge Haroche is a French physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Charles Hard Townes
    Charles Hard Townes was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his pioneering work in quantum electronics that led to the development of the maser and laser.
  • D. John F. Clauser
    John F. Clauser is an American physicist renowned for his pioneering experimental tests of Bell's inequalities, which helped establish the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement.
  • E. Edward M. Purcell
    Edward M. Purcell was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which laid the foundation for technologies such as MRI.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Roy Glauber
Triple: [Julian Schwinger, doctoralStudent, Roy Glauber]
Generated description
Roy Glauber was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in quantum optics and the quantum theory of optical coherence.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Roy Glauber
Target entity description: Roy Glauber was an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in quantum optics and the quantum theory of optical coherence.
  • A. Norman Ramsey
    Norman Ramsey was an American physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for developing the separated oscillatory field method, which enabled highly precise atomic clocks and advanced nuclear magnetic resonance techniques.
  • B. Serge Haroche
    Serge Haroche is a French physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for his pioneering work in quantum optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Charles Hard Townes
    Charles Hard Townes was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his pioneering work in quantum electronics that led to the development of the maser and laser.
  • D. John F. Clauser
    John F. Clauser is an American physicist renowned for his pioneering experimental tests of Bell's inequalities, which helped establish the foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum entanglement.
  • E. Edward M. Purcell
    Edward M. Purcell was an American physicist and Nobel laureate best known for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which laid the foundation for technologies such as MRI.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493ec75988190b63a11bafaec29b4 completed March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4bbfffaa48190b2534ff4da3544ce completed March 1, 2026, 10:21 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac76405074819089f001916748b466 completed March 7, 2026, 7:02 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac7864c59c8190bc2fa1ac8ce633db completed March 7, 2026, 7:11 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac7c57dfe4819081903c188084993b completed March 7, 2026, 7:28 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:44 p.m.