Triple

T11316940
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject PSR B1937+21 E267991 entity
Predicate discoveredBy P412 FINISHED
Object Donald C. Backer
Donald C. Backer was an American radio astronomer best known for his pioneering work on millisecond pulsars and contributions to high-precision pulsar timing.
E1110857 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Donald C. Backer | Statement: [PSR B1937+21, discoveredBy, Donald C. Backer]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Donald C. Backer
Context triple: [PSR B1937+21, discoveredBy, Donald C. Backer]
  • A. Donald R. Seawell
    Donald R. Seawell was an American attorney, theatrical producer, and arts patron best known for his influential role in developing Denver’s cultural landscape.
  • B. Charles F. Wennerstrum
    Charles F. Wennerstrum was an American judge best known for serving as a presiding judge at one of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials following World War II.
  • C. Allen G. Siegler
    Allen G. Siegler was an American cinematographer active during the early to mid-20th century, known for his work on numerous Hollywood films.
  • D. Myron I. Kerstein
    Myron I. Kerstein is an American film editor known for his work on feature films and television, including projects like "Down to Earth" (2001) and later acclaimed titles such as "Crazy Rich Asians."
  • E. Donald H. Lynn
    Donald H. Lynn was a physicist and researcher known for his involvement in scientific investigations of the Shroud of Turin as part of the Shroud of Turin Research Project.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Donald C. Backer
Triple: [PSR B1937+21, discoveredBy, Donald C. Backer]
Generated description
Donald C. Backer was an American radio astronomer best known for his pioneering work on millisecond pulsars and contributions to high-precision pulsar timing.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Donald C. Backer
Target entity description: Donald C. Backer was an American radio astronomer best known for his pioneering work on millisecond pulsars and contributions to high-precision pulsar timing.
  • A. Donald R. Seawell
    Donald R. Seawell was an American attorney, theatrical producer, and arts patron best known for his influential role in developing Denver’s cultural landscape.
  • B. Charles F. Wennerstrum
    Charles F. Wennerstrum was an American judge best known for serving as a presiding judge at one of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials following World War II.
  • C. Allen G. Siegler
    Allen G. Siegler was an American cinematographer active during the early to mid-20th century, known for his work on numerous Hollywood films.
  • D. Myron I. Kerstein
    Myron I. Kerstein is an American film editor known for his work on feature films and television, including projects like "Down to Earth" (2001) and later acclaimed titles such as "Crazy Rich Asians."
  • E. Donald H. Lynn
    Donald H. Lynn was a physicist and researcher known for his involvement in scientific investigations of the Shroud of Turin as part of the Shroud of Turin Research Project.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aaca5c24819083db46a30d86cb34 completed April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d7e9c3cf748190987838029d9f7fff completed April 9, 2026, 6:02 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fda8fd6f5081908de9a9e3df28a8ea completed May 8, 2026, 9:12 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69fdb187bf1c819098675af82ee70b5b completed May 8, 2026, 9:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69fdb27fd90881909a938ecd227873b4 completed May 8, 2026, 9:53 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:32 p.m.