Triple

T11316931
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject PSR B1913+16 E267990 entity
Predicate hasRelativisticEffects P98469 FINISHED
Object Shapiro delay
Shapiro delay is a general relativistic time delay experienced by light or signals as they pass through the gravitational field of a massive object, causing them to take slightly longer to travel than they would in flat spacetime.
E918804 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Shapiro delay | Statement: [PSR B1913+16, hasRelativisticEffects, Shapiro delay]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shapiro delay
Context triple: [PSR B1913+16, hasRelativisticEffects, Shapiro delay]
  • A. Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
    The Tolman–Ehrenfest effect is a relativistic thermodynamic phenomenon stating that, in a system at thermal equilibrium within a gravitational field, temperature varies with gravitational potential so that hotter regions occur deeper in the gravitational well.
  • B. de Sitter effect
    The de Sitter effect is a relativistic phenomenon in celestial mechanics describing how general relativity alters the motion and precession of orbiting bodies in a gravitational field.
  • C. Lense–Thirring effect
    The Lense–Thirring effect is a general relativity phenomenon in which a rotating massive body slightly drags spacetime around with it, causing precession of nearby orbits and gyroscopes.
  • D. Hafele–Keating experiment
    The Hafele–Keating experiment was a 1971 test of Einstein’s theory of relativity in which atomic clocks were flown around the world on commercial airliners and compared with stationary clocks to measure time dilation effects.
  • E. Pound–Rebka experiment
    The Pound–Rebka experiment was a landmark 1959 physics test that measured the gravitational redshift of gamma rays in Earth’s gravitational field, providing one of the first precise terrestrial confirmations of general relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Shapiro delay
Triple: [PSR B1913+16, hasRelativisticEffects, Shapiro delay]
Generated description
Shapiro delay is a general relativistic time delay experienced by light or signals as they pass through the gravitational field of a massive object, causing them to take slightly longer to travel than they would in flat spacetime.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Shapiro delay
Target entity description: Shapiro delay is a general relativistic time delay experienced by light or signals as they pass through the gravitational field of a massive object, causing them to take slightly longer to travel than they would in flat spacetime.
  • A. Tolman–Ehrenfest effect
    The Tolman–Ehrenfest effect is a relativistic thermodynamic phenomenon stating that, in a system at thermal equilibrium within a gravitational field, temperature varies with gravitational potential so that hotter regions occur deeper in the gravitational well.
  • B. de Sitter effect
    The de Sitter effect is a relativistic phenomenon in celestial mechanics describing how general relativity alters the motion and precession of orbiting bodies in a gravitational field.
  • C. Lense–Thirring effect
    The Lense–Thirring effect is a general relativity phenomenon in which a rotating massive body slightly drags spacetime around with it, causing precession of nearby orbits and gyroscopes.
  • D. Hafele–Keating experiment
    The Hafele–Keating experiment was a 1971 test of Einstein’s theory of relativity in which atomic clocks were flown around the world on commercial airliners and compared with stationary clocks to measure time dilation effects.
  • E. Pound–Rebka experiment
    The Pound–Rebka experiment was a landmark 1959 physics test that measured the gravitational redshift of gamma rays in Earth’s gravitational field, providing one of the first precise terrestrial confirmations of general relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: hasRelativisticEffects
Context triple: [PSR B1913+16, hasRelativisticEffects, Shapiro delay]
  • A. nonRelativisticLimit
    Indicates that a physical theory, equation, or quantity is being considered in the regime where velocities are much smaller than the speed of light, so relativistic effects can be neglected and the non-relativistic approximation applies.
  • B. isLorentz
    Indicates that a transformation preserves the Lorentzian spacetime interval, i.e., it is a valid Lorentz transformation between inertial reference frames.
  • C. hasRestMass
    Indicates that an entity possesses a non-zero invariant mass when measured in its own rest frame.
  • D. hasRestEnergy
    Indicates that an entity possesses intrinsic energy associated with its mass when at rest, independent of its motion or external forces.
  • E. isQuantumEffect
    Indicates that the relationship or phenomenon arises specifically from quantum mechanical principles or effects rather than classical behavior.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (7 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aaca5c24819083db46a30d86cb34 completed April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d7e9c3cf748190987838029d9f7fff completed April 9, 2026, 6:02 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e525c35538819085d76f7cdf362316 completed April 19, 2026, 6:58 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e52c81449c8190847b64fa91a45b2e completed April 19, 2026, 7:26 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e531b079708190ac9e19127d36a848 completed April 19, 2026, 7:49 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69d787ad575081908274280bf75d95fd completed April 9, 2026, 11:04 a.m.
PDg Predicate description generation batch_69d796d049e88190a9fd7508f477f541 completed April 9, 2026, 12:08 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:32 p.m.