Triple

T11173120
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Kenneth McMillan E264333 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness
IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness is a seminal model checking algorithm introduced by Kenneth McMillan that incrementally builds inductive invariants to efficiently verify hardware and software system correctness.
E909017 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness | Statement: [Kenneth McMillan, notableWork, IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness
Context triple: [Kenneth McMillan, notableWork, IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness]
  • A. Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)
    Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) is a framework in computer science and mathematical logic for deciding the satisfiability of logical formulas with respect to background theories such as arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, and data types, widely used in verification, synthesis, and automated reasoning.
  • B. Nelson–Oppen combination method
    The Nelson–Oppen combination method is a decision procedure framework that combines satisfiability solvers for different first-order theories to determine the satisfiability of formulas in their union.
  • C. Boyer–Moore theorem prover
    The Boyer–Moore theorem prover is an influential automated reasoning system for first-order logic and recursive function theory, notable for pioneering techniques in mechanical proof and program verification.
  • D. DPLL(T)
    DPLL(T) is a framework that extends the classic DPLL SAT-solving algorithm with theory solvers to efficiently decide satisfiability modulo background theories such as arithmetic, arrays, or bit-vectors.
  • E. Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver
    Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver is a high-performance satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver widely used in program verification, formal methods, and automated reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness
Triple: [Kenneth McMillan, notableWork, IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness]
Generated description
IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness is a seminal model checking algorithm introduced by Kenneth McMillan that incrementally builds inductive invariants to efficiently verify hardware and software system correctness.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness
Target entity description: IC3: Incremental Construction of Inductive Clauses for Indubitable Correctness is a seminal model checking algorithm introduced by Kenneth McMillan that incrementally builds inductive invariants to efficiently verify hardware and software system correctness.
  • A. Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)
    Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) is a framework in computer science and mathematical logic for deciding the satisfiability of logical formulas with respect to background theories such as arithmetic, bit-vectors, arrays, and data types, widely used in verification, synthesis, and automated reasoning.
  • B. Nelson–Oppen combination method
    The Nelson–Oppen combination method is a decision procedure framework that combines satisfiability solvers for different first-order theories to determine the satisfiability of formulas in their union.
  • C. Boyer–Moore theorem prover
    The Boyer–Moore theorem prover is an influential automated reasoning system for first-order logic and recursive function theory, notable for pioneering techniques in mechanical proof and program verification.
  • D. DPLL(T)
    DPLL(T) is a framework that extends the classic DPLL SAT-solving algorithm with theory solvers to efficiently decide satisfiability modulo background theories such as arithmetic, arrays, or bit-vectors.
  • E. Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver
    Z3: An Efficient SMT Solver is a high-performance satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solver widely used in program verification, formal methods, and automated reasoning.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa9dafac8190bd90d2c74f661aa7 completed April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d7e89660208190b1d9e91529f5d246 completed April 9, 2026, 5:57 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e463c03a948190b0f40f657180c9bf completed April 19, 2026, 5:10 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e46c37efec81908aa709587c37569d completed April 19, 2026, 5:46 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e47292cdd08190b05c4c8b09f4f918 completed April 19, 2026, 6:13 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:29 p.m.