Triple

T11173111
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Kenneth McMillan E264333 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object IC3 model checking algorithm
The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
E909016 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: IC3 model checking algorithm | Statement: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3 model checking algorithm
Context triple: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
  • A. Symbolic Model Checking
    Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
  • B. Model Checking (book)
    "Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
  • C. SPIN model checker
    SPIN is a widely used open-source model checker designed for the formal verification of distributed software systems and communication protocols.
  • D. PRISM probabilistic model checker
    PRISM probabilistic model checker is a formal verification tool used to model, analyze, and verify systems that exhibit probabilistic behavior, such as randomized algorithms and communication or security protocols.
  • E. The Temporal Logic of Programs
    The Temporal Logic of Programs is a landmark 1977 paper by Amir Pnueli that introduced temporal logic as a formal framework for specifying and verifying the behavior of concurrent and reactive computer programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: IC3 model checking algorithm
Triple: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
Generated description
The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3 model checking algorithm
Target entity description: The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
  • A. Symbolic Model Checking
    Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
  • B. Model Checking (book)
    "Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
  • C. SPIN model checker
    SPIN is a widely used open-source model checker designed for the formal verification of distributed software systems and communication protocols.
  • D. PRISM probabilistic model checker
    PRISM probabilistic model checker is a formal verification tool used to model, analyze, and verify systems that exhibit probabilistic behavior, such as randomized algorithms and communication or security protocols.
  • E. The Temporal Logic of Programs
    The Temporal Logic of Programs is a landmark 1977 paper by Amir Pnueli that introduced temporal logic as a formal framework for specifying and verifying the behavior of concurrent and reactive computer programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa9dafac8190bd90d2c74f661aa7 completed April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d7e89660208190b1d9e91529f5d246 completed April 9, 2026, 5:57 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e463c03a948190b0f40f657180c9bf completed April 19, 2026, 5:10 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e46c37efec81908aa709587c37569d completed April 19, 2026, 5:46 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e47292cdd08190b05c4c8b09f4f918 completed April 19, 2026, 6:13 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:29 p.m.