Triple
T11173111
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Kenneth McMillan |
E264333
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
IC3 model checking algorithm
The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
|
E909016
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: IC3 model checking algorithm | Statement: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3 model checking algorithm Context triple: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
-
A.
Symbolic Model Checking
Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
-
B.
Model Checking (book)
"Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
-
C.
SPIN model checker
SPIN is a widely used open-source model checker designed for the formal verification of distributed software systems and communication protocols.
-
D.
PRISM probabilistic model checker
PRISM probabilistic model checker is a formal verification tool used to model, analyze, and verify systems that exhibit probabilistic behavior, such as randomized algorithms and communication or security protocols.
-
E.
The Temporal Logic of Programs
The Temporal Logic of Programs is a landmark 1977 paper by Amir Pnueli that introduced temporal logic as a formal framework for specifying and verifying the behavior of concurrent and reactive computer programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: IC3 model checking algorithm Triple: [Kenneth McMillan, knownFor, IC3 model checking algorithm]
Generated description
The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: IC3 model checking algorithm Target entity description: The IC3 model checking algorithm is a SAT-based formal verification technique that incrementally constructs inductive invariants to efficiently prove or refute safety properties of hardware and software systems.
-
A.
Symbolic Model Checking
Symbolic Model Checking is a formal verification technique that uses symbolic representations, such as binary decision diagrams, to efficiently verify properties of hardware and software systems with very large state spaces.
-
B.
Model Checking (book)
"Model Checking" is a foundational textbook that systematically presents the theory and practice of using automated verification techniques to prove correctness properties of hardware and software systems.
-
C.
SPIN model checker
SPIN is a widely used open-source model checker designed for the formal verification of distributed software systems and communication protocols.
-
D.
PRISM probabilistic model checker
PRISM probabilistic model checker is a formal verification tool used to model, analyze, and verify systems that exhibit probabilistic behavior, such as randomized algorithms and communication or security protocols.
-
E.
The Temporal Logic of Programs
The Temporal Logic of Programs is a landmark 1977 paper by Amir Pnueli that introduced temporal logic as a formal framework for specifying and verifying the behavior of concurrent and reactive computer programs.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d6aa9dafac8190bd90d2c74f661aa7 |
completed | April 8, 2026, 7:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d7e89660208190b1d9e91529f5d246 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 5:57 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69e463c03a948190b0f40f657180c9bf |
completed | April 19, 2026, 5:10 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69e46c37efec81908aa709587c37569d |
completed | April 19, 2026, 5:46 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69e47292cdd08190b05c4c8b09f4f918 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 6:13 a.m. |
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:29 p.m.