Triple

T11064636

Position	Surface form	Disambiguated ID	Type / Status
Subject	SARPs	`E261592`	entity
Predicate	relatedTo	`P37`	FINISHED
Object	Annex 19 — Safety Management Annex 19 — Safety Management is an ICAO standard that consolidates and harmonizes international requirements for state and service provider safety management systems within civil aviation.	`E903131`	NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini

Instruction

Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).

Input

Phrase: Annex 19 — Safety Management | Statement: [SARPs, relatedTo, Annex 19 — Safety Management]

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Annex 19 — Safety Management
Context triple: [SARPs, relatedTo, Annex 19 — Safety Management]

A. ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan
The ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan is an international strategic framework developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization to guide and harmonize global efforts to improve aviation safety performance and risk management.
B. ICAO Annex 11
ICAO Annex 11 is an international civil aviation standard issued by ICAO that defines the requirements and procedures for the provision of air traffic services to ensure the safe and efficient management of airspace and air traffic.
C. ICAO Annex 15
ICAO Annex 15 is an international civil aviation standard that defines requirements for the provision and management of aeronautical information and data services to ensure safe and efficient air navigation.
D. ICAO Annex 2 Rules of the Air
ICAO Annex 2 Rules of the Air is an international standard set by the International Civil Aviation Organization that defines fundamental flight rules and procedures for aircraft operations worldwide.
E. ICAO Annex 10
ICAO Annex 10 is an international civil aviation standard that defines technical specifications and requirements for aeronautical telecommunications and navigation systems, including radio navigation aids and communication procedures.
F. None of above. chosen
G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1

Instruction

Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"

Input

Entity: Annex 19 — Safety Management
Triple: [SARPs, relatedTo, Annex 19 — Safety Management]

Generated description

Annex 19 — Safety Management is an ICAO standard that consolidates and harmonizes international requirements for state and service provider safety management systems within civil aviation.

NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07

Target entity: Annex 19 — Safety Management
Target entity description: Annex 19 — Safety Management is an ICAO standard that consolidates and harmonizes international requirements for state and service provider safety management systems within civil aviation.

A. ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan
The ICAO Global Aviation Safety Plan is an international strategic framework developed by the International Civil Aviation Organization to guide and harmonize global efforts to improve aviation safety performance and risk management.
B. ICAO Annex 11
ICAO Annex 11 is an international civil aviation standard issued by ICAO that defines the requirements and procedures for the provision of air traffic services to ensure the safe and efficient management of airspace and air traffic.
C. ICAO Annex 15
ICAO Annex 15 is an international civil aviation standard that defines requirements for the provision and management of aeronautical information and data services to ensure safe and efficient air navigation.
D. ICAO Annex 2 Rules of the Air
ICAO Annex 2 Rules of the Air is an international standard set by the International Civil Aviation Organization that defines fundamental flight rules and procedures for aircraft operations worldwide.
E. ICAO Annex 10
ICAO Annex 10 is an international civil aviation standard that defines technical specifications and requirements for aeronautical telecommunications and navigation systems, including radio navigation aids and communication procedures.
F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step	Stage	Batch ID	Status	When
creating	Elicitation	`batch_69d6aa98650481908609c7c56bfa7902`	completed	April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER	Named-entity recognition	`batch_69d798edcab881909da1ba0394020ef8`	completed	April 9, 2026, 12:17 p.m.
NED1	Entity disambiguation (via context triple)	`batch_69e3c8977f98819082dec025e92782da`	completed	April 18, 2026, 6:08 p.m.
NEDg	Description generation	`batch_69e3cadf271081908d2b794a4288892a`	completed	April 18, 2026, 6:18 p.m.
NED2	Entity disambiguation (via description)	`batch_69e3cf1f508c81909b4ca8131b7fc9ee`	completed	April 18, 2026, 6:36 p.m.

Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:26 p.m.