Triple

T11003402
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Łukasz Kaiser E260054 entity
Predicate coAuthorOf P2389 FINISHED
Object Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost
"Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost" is a research paper that introduces techniques to drastically reduce the memory required for training deep neural networks, enabling the training of larger models or using limited hardware resources more efficiently.
E899038 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost | Statement: [Łukasz Kaiser, coAuthorOf, Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost
Context triple: [Łukasz Kaiser, coAuthorOf, Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost]
  • A. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • B. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • C. “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
    “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” is a widely cited work by Léon Bottou that analyzes and advocates stochastic gradient descent as an efficient optimization method for large-scale machine learning problems.
  • D. “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks”
    “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks” is a well-known paper by Léon Bottou that surveys practical techniques and heuristics for effectively applying stochastic gradient descent in machine learning.
  • E. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost
Triple: [Łukasz Kaiser, coAuthorOf, Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost]
Generated description
"Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost" is a research paper that introduces techniques to drastically reduce the memory required for training deep neural networks, enabling the training of larger models or using limited hardware resources more efficiently.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost
Target entity description: "Training Deep Nets with Sublinear Memory Cost" is a research paper that introduces techniques to drastically reduce the memory required for training deep neural networks, enabling the training of larger models or using limited hardware resources more efficiently.
  • A. Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks
    Large-Scale Distributed Deep Networks is a seminal research work that introduced methods for training deep neural networks efficiently across large-scale distributed computing infrastructure, enabling breakthroughs in modern large-scale AI systems.
  • B. “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets”
    “A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets” is a seminal 2006 paper by Geoffrey Hinton that introduced an efficient unsupervised pretraining method for deep neural networks using stacked restricted Boltzmann machines.
  • C. “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent”
    “Large-Scale Machine Learning with Stochastic Gradient Descent” is a widely cited work by Léon Bottou that analyzes and advocates stochastic gradient descent as an efficient optimization method for large-scale machine learning problems.
  • D. “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks”
    “Stochastic Gradient Descent Tricks” is a well-known paper by Léon Bottou that surveys practical techniques and heuristics for effectively applying stochastic gradient descent in machine learning.
  • E. Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization
    "Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization" is a highly influential machine learning paper that introduces the Adam optimizer, a widely used adaptive gradient-based optimization algorithm for training deep neural networks.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa8a6a548190a750f944ccdc8064 completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d797546f448190946ee6442d657dc5 completed April 9, 2026, 12:11 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e3453d181081908cb58a957f4d1295 completed April 18, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69e35570b0bc8190a939b0c8e3ce8105 completed April 18, 2026, 9:57 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69e359508a388190a16d48a17015e13e completed April 18, 2026, 10:13 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:25 p.m.