Triple

T10995385
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Lester Germer E259851 entity
Predicate coAuthorOf P2389 FINISHED
Object Davisson–Germer electron diffraction paper E130701 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Davisson–Germer electron diffraction paper | Statement: [Lester Germer, coAuthorOf, Davisson–Germer electron diffraction paper]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Davisson–Germer electron diffraction paper
Context triple: [Lester Germer, coAuthorOf, Davisson–Germer electron diffraction paper]
  • A. Davisson–Germer experiment chosen
    The Davisson–Germer experiment was a landmark 1927 physics experiment that demonstrated the wave nature of electrons through diffraction from a nickel crystal, providing key evidence for quantum mechanics and wave–particle duality.
  • B. Franck–Hertz experiment
    The Franck–Hertz experiment is a landmark early-20th-century physics experiment that provided direct evidence for the quantization of atomic energy levels, supporting the Bohr model of the atom.
  • C. Kikuchi lines in electron diffraction
    Kikuchi lines in electron diffraction are characteristic pairs of diffuse, intersecting bands in electron diffraction patterns that arise from inelastic and subsequent coherent scattering in crystals, and are widely used for precise crystallographic orientation analysis.
  • D. The Neutron (1932 paper)
    The Neutron (1932 paper) is James Chadwick’s landmark publication that announced and characterized the neutron, fundamentally reshaping nuclear physics and earning him the Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • E. Geiger–Marsden experiment
    The Geiger–Marsden experiment, also known as the gold foil experiment, was a landmark early 20th-century physics experiment that revealed the existence of a small, dense atomic nucleus and led to the development of the Rutherford model of the atom.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa8a6a548190a750f944ccdc8064 completed April 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d795d59ebc8190baff1f50bdc46c1b completed April 9, 2026, 12:04 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69e3452420c08190b9c91a9c8a807670 completed April 18, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:24 p.m.