Triple

T10756852
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Salpeter initial mass function E253717 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Kroupa initial mass function
The Kroupa initial mass function is a widely used mathematical description of the distribution of stellar masses at birth, refining earlier forms by incorporating a multi-part power-law that better matches observations across low- and high-mass stars.
E887941 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kroupa initial mass function | Statement: [Salpeter initial mass function, relatedTo, Kroupa initial mass function]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kroupa initial mass function
Context triple: [Salpeter initial mass function, relatedTo, Kroupa initial mass function]
  • A. Salpeter initial mass function
    The Salpeter initial mass function is a foundational mathematical description in astrophysics that specifies how many stars of different masses form in a given stellar population, characterized by a power-law distribution favoring low-mass stars.
  • B. Chabrier initial mass function
    The Chabrier initial mass function is a widely used model in astrophysics that describes the distribution of stellar masses at birth, particularly improving the representation of low-mass stars compared to earlier formulations.
  • C. The Internal Constitution of the Stars
    The Internal Constitution of the Stars is Arthur Eddington’s landmark 1926 astrophysics treatise that laid the foundations for the modern theory of stellar structure and evolution.
  • D. Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
    Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium is a foundational astrophysics textbook that systematically explains the physics governing gas, dust, radiation, and plasma in the space between stars.
  • E. Structure and Evolution of the Stars
    Structure and Evolution of the Stars is a classic astrophysics textbook by Martin Schwarzschild that systematically develops the theory of stellar interiors and their life cycles.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kroupa initial mass function
Triple: [Salpeter initial mass function, relatedTo, Kroupa initial mass function]
Generated description
The Kroupa initial mass function is a widely used mathematical description of the distribution of stellar masses at birth, refining earlier forms by incorporating a multi-part power-law that better matches observations across low- and high-mass stars.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kroupa initial mass function
Target entity description: The Kroupa initial mass function is a widely used mathematical description of the distribution of stellar masses at birth, refining earlier forms by incorporating a multi-part power-law that better matches observations across low- and high-mass stars.
  • A. Salpeter initial mass function
    The Salpeter initial mass function is a foundational mathematical description in astrophysics that specifies how many stars of different masses form in a given stellar population, characterized by a power-law distribution favoring low-mass stars.
  • B. Chabrier initial mass function
    The Chabrier initial mass function is a widely used model in astrophysics that describes the distribution of stellar masses at birth, particularly improving the representation of low-mass stars compared to earlier formulations.
  • C. The Internal Constitution of the Stars
    The Internal Constitution of the Stars is Arthur Eddington’s landmark 1926 astrophysics treatise that laid the foundations for the modern theory of stellar structure and evolution.
  • D. Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium
    Physical Processes in the Interstellar Medium is a foundational astrophysics textbook that systematically explains the physics governing gas, dust, radiation, and plasma in the space between stars.
  • E. Structure and Evolution of the Stars
    Structure and Evolution of the Stars is a classic astrophysics textbook by Martin Schwarzschild that systematically develops the theory of stellar interiors and their life cycles.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aa5f54f4819082d0bbcb6f8797e6 completed April 8, 2026, 7:19 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d72e9fded88190940df48344fc368e completed April 9, 2026, 4:44 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69de84a63de0819085f1e982c8348811 completed April 14, 2026, 6:17 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69de8e6f3fac8190bcd1675978d6d6d7 completed April 14, 2026, 6:58 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69de8fa679cc81909cb51035e5403ce9 completed April 14, 2026, 7:04 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 9:15 p.m.