Triple

T1060257
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject G. H. Hardy E22889 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Hardy–Littlewood maximal function
The Hardy–Littlewood maximal function is a fundamental operator in real analysis and harmonic analysis that controls the local averages of a function and plays a key role in differentiation theorems and singular integral theory.
E120395 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Hardy–Littlewood maximal function | Statement: [G. H. Hardy, knownFor, Hardy–Littlewood maximal function]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hardy–Littlewood maximal function
Context triple: [G. H. Hardy, knownFor, Hardy–Littlewood maximal function]
  • A. Lebesgue spaces
    Lebesgue spaces are function spaces, denoted \(L^p\), that consist of measurable functions whose absolute values raised to the \(p\)-th power are integrable, forming a fundamental framework in modern analysis and probability theory.
  • B. Lebesgue integration
    Lebesgue integration is a foundational measure-theoretic framework for defining and analyzing integrals, particularly suited to handling limits, convergence, and more general functions than those allowed by Riemann integration.
  • C. Minkowski functional
    The Minkowski functional is a mathematical tool in functional analysis that assigns a nonnegative real number to each vector in a vector space based on its position relative to a given convex, balanced, absorbing set, generalizing the notion of a norm.
  • D. Riemann–Lebesgue lemma
    The Riemann–Lebesgue lemma is a fundamental result in Fourier analysis stating that the Fourier coefficients (or transform) of an integrable function vanish at infinity.
  • E. Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities
    Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities are fundamental results in probability and functional analysis that bound moments or norms of random series (often with Rademacher or Gaussian coefficients) in terms of each other, providing powerful tools for studying the geometry of Banach spaces and random processes.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Hardy–Littlewood maximal function
Triple: [G. H. Hardy, knownFor, Hardy–Littlewood maximal function]
Generated description
The Hardy–Littlewood maximal function is a fundamental operator in real analysis and harmonic analysis that controls the local averages of a function and plays a key role in differentiation theorems and singular integral theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Hardy–Littlewood maximal function
Target entity description: The Hardy–Littlewood maximal function is a fundamental operator in real analysis and harmonic analysis that controls the local averages of a function and plays a key role in differentiation theorems and singular integral theory.
  • A. Lebesgue spaces
    Lebesgue spaces are function spaces, denoted \(L^p\), that consist of measurable functions whose absolute values raised to the \(p\)-th power are integrable, forming a fundamental framework in modern analysis and probability theory.
  • B. Lebesgue integration
    Lebesgue integration is a foundational measure-theoretic framework for defining and analyzing integrals, particularly suited to handling limits, convergence, and more general functions than those allowed by Riemann integration.
  • C. Minkowski functional
    The Minkowski functional is a mathematical tool in functional analysis that assigns a nonnegative real number to each vector in a vector space based on its position relative to a given convex, balanced, absorbing set, generalizing the notion of a norm.
  • D. Riemann–Lebesgue lemma
    The Riemann–Lebesgue lemma is a fundamental result in Fourier analysis stating that the Fourier coefficients (or transform) of an integrable function vanish at infinity.
  • E. Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities
    Khinchin–Kahane type inequalities are fundamental results in probability and functional analysis that bound moments or norms of random series (often with Rademacher or Gaussian coefficients) in terms of each other, providing powerful tools for studying the geometry of Banach spaces and random processes.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493dada0481909c43649f9843ea91 completed March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4b8f3f98c819096338198d9f30491 completed March 1, 2026, 10:08 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac3bd3400c8190b84e88073f19beba completed March 7, 2026, 2:53 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac3ca9b5d88190816980f964f7e947 completed March 7, 2026, 2:56 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac3d61a0c48190b619b3049df33512 completed March 7, 2026, 2:59 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:42 p.m.