Triple

T10602351
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stuart K. Card E275781 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object information foraging theory
Information foraging theory is a cognitive and behavioral framework that explains how people seek, gather, and evaluate information online and in other environments by drawing analogies to animals foraging for food.
E592077 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: information foraging theory | Statement: [Stuart K. Card, notableWork, information foraging theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: information foraging theory
Context triple: [Stuart K. Card, notableWork, information foraging theory]
  • A. The Social Life of Information
    The Social Life of Information is an influential book by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid that explores how social and organizational contexts shape the way information is created, shared, and used in the digital age.
  • B. Essays of an Information Scientist
    Essays of an Information Scientist is a multi-volume collection of influential articles by Eugene Garfield that helped shape the fields of bibliometrics, citation analysis, and the evaluation of scientific literature.
  • C. Search and Discovery
    Search and Discovery is a regular Physics Today section that highlights notable recent advances and findings across the physical sciences.
  • D. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort
    "Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort" is a seminal 1949 book by linguist George Kingsley Zipf that proposes people naturally minimize effort in language and behavior, helping explain patterns such as Zipf’s law in word frequencies.
  • E. Information Based Architecture
    Information Based Architecture is a Dutch architectural firm known for its innovative, high-tech designs, including the iconic Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: information foraging theory
Triple: [Stuart K. Card, notableWork, information foraging theory]
Generated description
Information foraging theory is a cognitive and behavioral framework that explains how people seek, gather, and evaluate information online and in other environments by drawing analogies to animals foraging for food.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: information foraging theory
Target entity description: Information foraging theory is a cognitive and behavioral framework that explains how people seek, gather, and evaluate information online and in other environments by drawing analogies to animals foraging for food.
  • A. The Social Life of Information
    The Social Life of Information is an influential book by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid that explores how social and organizational contexts shape the way information is created, shared, and used in the digital age.
  • B. Essays of an Information Scientist
    Essays of an Information Scientist is a multi-volume collection of influential articles by Eugene Garfield that helped shape the fields of bibliometrics, citation analysis, and the evaluation of scientific literature.
  • C. Search and Discovery
    Search and Discovery is a regular Physics Today section that highlights notable recent advances and findings across the physical sciences.
  • D. Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort chosen
    "Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort" is a seminal 1949 book by linguist George Kingsley Zipf that proposes people naturally minimize effort in language and behavior, helping explain patterns such as Zipf’s law in word frequencies.
  • E. Information Based Architecture
    Information Based Architecture is a Dutch architectural firm known for its innovative, high-tech designs, including the iconic Canton Tower in Guangzhou, China.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d6aaf948d88190806cc3a8c47a3fb2 completed April 8, 2026, 7:22 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d6ded61d5c8190b13890c964b59949 completed April 8, 2026, 11:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d95eaffcd0819098e0a06a731b602f completed April 10, 2026, 8:33 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d961aaf71881908289244e0a490492 completed April 10, 2026, 8:46 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d9623cf54081908abcdc88e13d5176 completed April 10, 2026, 8:49 p.m.
Created at: April 8, 2026, 7:31 p.m.