Triple
T1057836
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | John Archibald Wheeler |
E22836
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
concept of "it from bit"
The concept of "it from bit" is a philosophical and theoretical physics idea proposing that physical reality ("it") fundamentally arises from informational processes and binary choices ("bits").
|
E121387
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: concept of "it from bit" | Statement: [John Archibald Wheeler, knownFor, concept of "it from bit"]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: concept of "it from bit" Context triple: [John Archibald Wheeler, knownFor, concept of "it from bit"]
-
A.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
B.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
-
C.
Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle is a foundational concept in thermodynamics and information theory stating that erasing one bit of information in a computational process necessarily dissipates a minimum amount of heat, linking information processing to physical entropy.
-
D.
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
-
E.
An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise
An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise is a classic, accessible textbook that explains the fundamental concepts of information theory, communication, and coding for a broad scientific and engineering audience.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: concept of "it from bit" Triple: [John Archibald Wheeler, knownFor, concept of "it from bit"]
Generated description
The concept of "it from bit" is a philosophical and theoretical physics idea proposing that physical reality ("it") fundamentally arises from informational processes and binary choices ("bits").
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: concept of "it from bit"
Target entity description: The concept of "it from bit" is a philosophical and theoretical physics idea proposing that physical reality ("it") fundamentally arises from informational processes and binary choices ("bits").
-
A.
Bekenstein bound
The Bekenstein bound is a theoretical limit in physics on the maximum amount of information or entropy that can be contained within a finite region of space with a given amount of energy.
-
B.
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy
Bekenstein–Hawking entropy is the thermodynamic entropy associated with a black hole, proportional to the area of its event horizon and fundamental in linking gravity, quantum theory, and thermodynamics.
-
C.
Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle is a foundational concept in thermodynamics and information theory stating that erasing one bit of information in a computational process necessarily dissipates a minimum amount of heat, linking information processing to physical entropy.
-
D.
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays
Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays is a 1993 collection of popular-science essays and reflections by physicist Stephen Hawking, exploring cosmology, black holes, and his personal life and ideas.
-
E.
An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise
An Introduction to Information Theory: Symbols, Signals and Noise is a classic, accessible textbook that explains the fundamental concepts of information theory, communication, and coding for a broad scientific and engineering audience.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a493dada0481909c43649f9843ea91 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4b8dc9e8c819099fbb192bcf80615 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 10:08 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ac3bd110ac8190b66163de42bd3034 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 2:53 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ac3d4b32348190883244f2b8af32a0 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 2:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ac3dbf5c70819084a942fc97a9b50f |
completed | March 7, 2026, 3:01 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:42 p.m.