Triple

T10462026
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Selberg trace formula E246698 entity
Predicate inspired P9 FINISHED
Object Arthur trace formula
The Arthur trace formula is a far-reaching generalization of the Selberg trace formula that provides a powerful analytic tool for studying automorphic representations and establishing instances of the Langlands program.
E865100 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arthur trace formula | Statement: [Selberg trace formula, inspired, Arthur trace formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arthur trace formula
Context triple: [Selberg trace formula, inspired, Arthur trace formula]
  • A. Selberg trace formula
    The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
  • B. Gutzwiller trace formula
    The Gutzwiller trace formula is a semiclassical tool in quantum chaos that links the quantum energy spectrum of a system to the properties of its classical periodic orbits.
  • C. Hecke operators
    Hecke operators are algebraic operators acting on modular forms that play a central role in number theory, particularly in understanding congruences, L-functions, and the arithmetic of modular forms.
  • D. Sato–Tate distribution (for families of elliptic curves)
    The Sato–Tate distribution (for families of elliptic curves) is a probabilistic law describing how the normalized Frobenius traces (or equivalently, the angles in the Hasse bound) of elliptic curves are distributed, typically following a specific sine-squared measure on the interval [0, π].
  • E. Euler products for automorphic L-functions
    Euler products for automorphic L-functions are infinite product expansions attached to automorphic representations that encode deep arithmetic information and generalize the classical Euler product of the Riemann zeta function to a broad class of L-functions in the Langlands program.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arthur trace formula
Triple: [Selberg trace formula, inspired, Arthur trace formula]
Generated description
The Arthur trace formula is a far-reaching generalization of the Selberg trace formula that provides a powerful analytic tool for studying automorphic representations and establishing instances of the Langlands program.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arthur trace formula
Target entity description: The Arthur trace formula is a far-reaching generalization of the Selberg trace formula that provides a powerful analytic tool for studying automorphic representations and establishing instances of the Langlands program.
  • A. Selberg trace formula
    The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
  • B. Gutzwiller trace formula
    The Gutzwiller trace formula is a semiclassical tool in quantum chaos that links the quantum energy spectrum of a system to the properties of its classical periodic orbits.
  • C. Hecke operators
    Hecke operators are algebraic operators acting on modular forms that play a central role in number theory, particularly in understanding congruences, L-functions, and the arithmetic of modular forms.
  • D. Sato–Tate distribution (for families of elliptic curves)
    The Sato–Tate distribution (for families of elliptic curves) is a probabilistic law describing how the normalized Frobenius traces (or equivalently, the angles in the Hasse bound) of elliptic curves are distributed, typically following a specific sine-squared measure on the interval [0, π].
  • E. Euler products for automorphic L-functions
    Euler products for automorphic L-functions are infinite product expansions attached to automorphic representations that encode deep arithmetic information and generalize the classical Euler product of the Riemann zeta function to a broad class of L-functions in the Langlands program.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381c16c248190a2fe5b471e584e9c completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d50884fac48190af22e181b1492557 completed April 7, 2026, 1:37 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d89fcc84b48190a39de0d9b9111ebd completed April 10, 2026, 6:59 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d8a1656b348190ba932d03402d6a4d completed April 10, 2026, 7:06 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d8a2b82bb48190899f37a967fef444 completed April 10, 2026, 7:11 a.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:19 p.m.