Triple
T10376361
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Yang–Mills theory |
E244516
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedToConcept |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Wilson loop
A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
|
E860358
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Wilson loop | Statement: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wilson loop Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
-
A.
Polyakov loop
The Polyakov loop is a gauge-invariant observable in finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics used to probe confinement and deconfinement phases of quarks and gluons.
-
B.
Polyakov action
The Polyakov action is a fundamental formulation of string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings via a two-dimensional worldsheet embedded in spacetime.
-
C.
’t Hooft coupling
The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
-
D.
Nambu–Goto action
The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
-
E.
Montonen–Olive duality
Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Wilson loop Triple: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
Generated description
A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wilson loop Target entity description: A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
-
A.
Polyakov loop
The Polyakov loop is a gauge-invariant observable in finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics used to probe confinement and deconfinement phases of quarks and gluons.
-
B.
Polyakov action
The Polyakov action is a fundamental formulation of string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings via a two-dimensional worldsheet embedded in spacetime.
-
C.
’t Hooft coupling
The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
-
D.
Nambu–Goto action
The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
-
E.
Montonen–Olive duality
Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d381b3e328819094b23b8edcd29b5a |
completed | April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d4e98278e08190a4d3ff88b4039e49 |
completed | April 7, 2026, 11:24 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d795754570819093747f80e32fffce |
completed | April 9, 2026, 12:03 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d7bde050ac8190b87a0c81700ad1b1 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d7e60afaf481909a0790c94e323143 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 5:46 p.m. |
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:02 p.m.