Triple

T10376361
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Yang–Mills theory E244516 entity
Predicate relatedToConcept P37 FINISHED
Object Wilson loop
A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
E860358 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Wilson loop | Statement: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wilson loop
Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
  • A. Polyakov loop
    The Polyakov loop is a gauge-invariant observable in finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics used to probe confinement and deconfinement phases of quarks and gluons.
  • B. Polyakov action
    The Polyakov action is a fundamental formulation of string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings via a two-dimensional worldsheet embedded in spacetime.
  • C. ’t Hooft coupling
    The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
  • D. Nambu–Goto action
    The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
  • E. Montonen–Olive duality
    Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Wilson loop
Triple: [Yang–Mills theory, relatedToConcept, Wilson loop]
Generated description
A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wilson loop
Target entity description: A Wilson loop is a gauge-invariant observable in gauge theories, defined by the path-ordered exponential of the gauge field around a closed loop, and is central to studying confinement and non-perturbative aspects of Yang–Mills theory.
  • A. Polyakov loop
    The Polyakov loop is a gauge-invariant observable in finite-temperature quantum chromodynamics used to probe confinement and deconfinement phases of quarks and gluons.
  • B. Polyakov action
    The Polyakov action is a fundamental formulation of string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings via a two-dimensional worldsheet embedded in spacetime.
  • C. ’t Hooft coupling
    The ’t Hooft coupling is a rescaled gauge coupling constant, central in large-N gauge theory and string theory, that remains finite in the ’t Hooft large-N limit and controls the strength of interactions.
  • D. Nambu–Goto action
    The Nambu–Goto action is a fundamental formulation in string theory that describes the dynamics of relativistic strings by minimizing the area of their worldsheet in spacetime.
  • E. Montonen–Olive duality
    Montonen–Olive duality is a conjectured symmetry in certain gauge theories, especially N=4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills, that exchanges electrically charged particles with magnetic monopoles and relates strong coupling to weak coupling.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381b3e328819094b23b8edcd29b5a completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d4e98278e08190a4d3ff88b4039e49 completed April 7, 2026, 11:24 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d795754570819093747f80e32fffce completed April 9, 2026, 12:03 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d7bde050ac8190b87a0c81700ad1b1 completed April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d7e60afaf481909a0790c94e323143 completed April 9, 2026, 5:46 p.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:02 p.m.