Triple

T10376349
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Yang–Mills theory E244516 entity
Predicate hasLagrangian P93656 FINISHED
Object Yang–Mills Lagrangian
The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.
 E244516 NE FINISHED

Named-entity recognition

Before disambiguation, gpt-5-mini classified whether the object phrase is a named entity — the step behind the object's NE type shown above.

Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Yang–Mills Lagrangian | Statement: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]

Disambiguation candidates (3 decisions)

The exact options the model was shown at each disambiguation step, with the option it chose highlighted — the evidence behind this triple's disambiguated ids.

NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian
Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
  • A. Yang–Mills theory
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • B. Dirac Lagrangian
    The Dirac Lagrangian is the relativistic quantum field theory Lagrangian density that describes spin-½ fermions, such as electrons, and leads to the Dirac equation as their equation of motion.
  • C. Einstein–Yang–Mills equations
    The Einstein–Yang–Mills equations are the coupled field equations that describe how non-abelian gauge fields (such as those in Yang–Mills theory) interact with and curve spacetime within the framework of general relativity.
  • D. Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
    The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
  • E. Weyl’s gauge theory
    Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian
Target entity description: The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.
  • A. Yang–Mills theory chosen
    Yang–Mills theory is a gauge field theory describing the behavior of non-abelian gauge fields, forming the mathematical foundation for modern particle physics, including the strong and electroweak interactions.
  • B. Dirac Lagrangian
    The Dirac Lagrangian is the relativistic quantum field theory Lagrangian density that describes spin-½ fermions, such as electrons, and leads to the Dirac equation as their equation of motion.
  • C. Einstein–Yang–Mills equations
    The Einstein–Yang–Mills equations are the coupled field equations that describe how non-abelian gauge fields (such as those in Yang–Mills theory) interact with and curve spacetime within the framework of general relativity.
  • D. Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian
    The Heisenberg–Euler effective Lagrangian is a quantum electrodynamics result that captures nonlinear corrections to classical electromagnetism arising from virtual electron–positron pair effects in strong electromagnetic fields.
  • E. Weyl’s gauge theory
    Weyl’s gauge theory is an early 20th-century theoretical framework that introduced the concept of local gauge invariance, laying foundational ideas for modern gauge theories in particle physics.
  • F. None of above.
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target predicate: hasLagrangian
Context triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
  • A. LagrangianContains
    Indicates that a given term, field, or interaction is included as part of the Lagrangian in a physical or mathematical model.
  • B. hasEquationOfMotion
    Indicates that one entity specifies or is associated with the equation of motion governing the dynamical behavior of another entity.
  • C. hasLieAlgebra
    Indicates that one mathematical structure is associated with, or gives rise to, a specific Lie algebra capturing its infinitesimal or tangent-level structure.
  • D. hasRelativeAngularMomentum
    Indicates that one entity possesses angular momentum defined relative to another reference entity or frame.
  • E. hasLacunae
    Indicates that something contains gaps, missing parts, or omissions within its structure, content, or sequence.
  • F. None of above. chosen

How the object was described

The object's one-sentence description was generated by prompting gpt-5.1 with the object name and this triple as context.

Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Yang–Mills Lagrangian
Triple: [Yang–Mills theory, hasLagrangian, Yang–Mills Lagrangian]
Generated description
The Yang–Mills Lagrangian is the fundamental gauge-invariant field-theoretic expression that describes the dynamics of non-abelian gauge fields underlying the strong and electroweak interactions in particle physics.

Provenance (7 batches)

Stage Batch ID Job type Status
creating batch_69d381b3e328819094b23b8edcd29b5a elicitation completed
NER batch_69d4e98278e08190a4d3ff88b4039e49 ner completed
NED1 batch_69d795754570819093747f80e32fffce ned_source_triple completed
NED2 batch_69d7e60afaf481909a0790c94e323143 ned_description completed
NEDg batch_69d7bde050ac8190b87a0c81700ad1b1 nedg completed
PD batch_69d4dface5508190a7b42f01ad0a19a2 pd completed
PDg batch_69d4e944fac4819093b0312aa0efd729 pdg completed
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:02 p.m.