Triple

T10376259
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Martin Perl E244514 entity
Predicate doctoralThesis P6 FINISHED
Object The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
"The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium" is Martin Perl’s doctoral thesis, an experimental particle physics study of how high-energy photons produce charged pions when interacting with hydrogen and deuterium targets.
E860353 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium | Statement: [Martin Perl, doctoralThesis, The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
Context triple: [Martin Perl, doctoralThesis, The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium]
  • A. A Large Ion Collider Experiment
    A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is a major detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and quark–gluon plasma created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.
  • B. Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers
    The Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how high-energy cosmic rays generate particle cascades as they interact with matter and radiation in the atmosphere.
  • C. Apparatus for Meson and Baryon Experimental Research
    Apparatus for Meson and Baryon Experimental Research is a high-energy physics experiment designed to study the properties and interactions of mesons and baryons using particle beams and advanced detectors.
  • D. TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement
    TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement (TOTEM) is a CERN experiment at the Large Hadron Collider dedicated to precisely measuring proton–proton total, elastic, and diffractive cross sections at high energies.
  • E. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
Triple: [Martin Perl, doctoralThesis, The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium]
Generated description
"The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium" is Martin Perl’s doctoral thesis, an experimental particle physics study of how high-energy photons produce charged pions when interacting with hydrogen and deuterium targets.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium
Target entity description: "The Photoproduction of Positive and Negative Pions in Hydrogen and Deuterium" is Martin Perl’s doctoral thesis, an experimental particle physics study of how high-energy photons produce charged pions when interacting with hydrogen and deuterium targets.
  • A. A Large Ion Collider Experiment
    A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is a major detector at CERN’s Large Hadron Collider designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and quark–gluon plasma created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions.
  • B. Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers
    The Bhabha–Heitler theory of cascade showers is a foundational quantum electrodynamics model that explains how high-energy cosmic rays generate particle cascades as they interact with matter and radiation in the atmosphere.
  • C. Apparatus for Meson and Baryon Experimental Research
    Apparatus for Meson and Baryon Experimental Research is a high-energy physics experiment designed to study the properties and interactions of mesons and baryons using particle beams and advanced detectors.
  • D. TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement
    TOTal Elastic and diffractive cross section Measurement (TOTEM) is a CERN experiment at the Large Hadron Collider dedicated to precisely measuring proton–proton total, elastic, and diffractive cross sections at high energies.
  • E. On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I
    "On the Interaction of Elementary Particles I" is a seminal theoretical physics paper by Hideki Yukawa that introduced the meson theory of nuclear forces, laying the groundwork for modern particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381b3e328819094b23b8edcd29b5a completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d4e98278e08190a4d3ff88b4039e49 completed April 7, 2026, 11:24 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d795754570819093747f80e32fffce completed April 9, 2026, 12:03 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d7bde050ac8190b87a0c81700ad1b1 completed April 9, 2026, 2:55 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d7e60afaf481909a0790c94e323143 completed April 9, 2026, 5:46 p.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 12:02 p.m.