Triple
T10269840
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Chern–Simons theory |
E240804
|
entity |
| Predicate | quantizationLeadsTo |
P93039
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Wess–Zumino–Witten model
The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
|
E853118
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (5 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Wess–Zumino–Witten model | Statement: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model Context triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
-
A.
Chern–Simons theory
Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
-
B.
Rozansky–Witten theory
Rozansky–Witten theory is a three-dimensional topological quantum field theory associated with hyperkähler manifolds that yields invariants of 3-manifolds and links via holomorphic symplectic geometry.
-
C.
Donaldson–Witten theory
Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
-
D.
Witten index
The Witten index is a topological invariant in supersymmetric quantum field theory that counts the difference between bosonic and fermionic zero-energy states, providing insight into supersymmetry breaking.
-
E.
Seiberg–Witten theory
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model Triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
Generated description
The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model Target entity description: The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
-
A.
Chern–Simons theory
Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
-
B.
Rozansky–Witten theory
Rozansky–Witten theory is a three-dimensional topological quantum field theory associated with hyperkähler manifolds that yields invariants of 3-manifolds and links via holomorphic symplectic geometry.
-
C.
Donaldson–Witten theory
Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
-
D.
Witten index
The Witten index is a topological invariant in supersymmetric quantum field theory that counts the difference between bosonic and fermionic zero-energy states, providing insight into supersymmetry breaking.
-
E.
Seiberg–Witten theory
Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
- F. None of above. chosen
PD
Predicate disambiguation
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: quantizationLeadsTo Context triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
-
A.
quantizationIs
Indicates that one entity is a specific quantization or discretized representation of another entity.
-
B.
usedToQuantize
Indicates that one entity serves as the quantization method, scheme, or tool applied to another entity.
-
C.
isQuantizationOf
Indicates that one entity is a quantized or discretized version of another, typically transforming a continuous model, signal, or system into a discrete counterpart.
-
D.
isQuantizedBy
Indicates that a continuous or variable quantity is represented or constrained using discrete units, levels, or steps defined by another entity.
-
E.
hasQuantizationCondition
Indicates that a system, parameter, or quantity is constrained to take on only discrete (often integer-related) values according to a specific quantization rule or condition.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (7 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d381a94c1881908fc38fc263d9b9c2 |
completed | April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69d4d2872830819080fdfa816167d04c |
completed | April 7, 2026, 9:46 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69d6f80c25888190a3e8a2c513df7043 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 12:51 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69d6fcaca55c81908a48ac2a0ce24b85 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 1:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69d6fd772bc08190bf270f5fc767fb29 |
completed | April 9, 2026, 1:14 a.m. |
| PD | Predicate disambiguation | batch_69d4d1ef6e6c81908a8ee52e4d28127b |
completed | April 7, 2026, 9:44 a.m. |
| PDg | Predicate description generation | batch_69d4d285812c8190ab910dc85c53eebf |
completed | April 7, 2026, 9:46 a.m. |
Created at: April 6, 2026, 11:35 a.m.