Triple

T10269840
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Chern–Simons theory E240804 entity
Predicate quantizationLeadsTo P93039 FINISHED
Object Wess–Zumino–Witten model
The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
E853118 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Wess–Zumino–Witten model | Statement: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model
Context triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
  • A. Chern–Simons theory
    Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
  • B. Rozansky–Witten theory
    Rozansky–Witten theory is a three-dimensional topological quantum field theory associated with hyperkähler manifolds that yields invariants of 3-manifolds and links via holomorphic symplectic geometry.
  • C. Donaldson–Witten theory
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • D. Witten index
    The Witten index is a topological invariant in supersymmetric quantum field theory that counts the difference between bosonic and fermionic zero-energy states, providing insight into supersymmetry breaking.
  • E. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model
Triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
Generated description
The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Wess–Zumino–Witten model
Target entity description: The Wess–Zumino–Witten model is a two-dimensional conformal field theory describing interacting scalar fields valued in a Lie group, notable for its topological Wess–Zumino term and applications in string theory and condensed matter physics.
  • A. Chern–Simons theory
    Chern–Simons theory is a topological quantum field theory in three dimensions that plays a central role in modern geometry, topology, and theoretical physics, particularly in the study of knot invariants and gauge fields.
  • B. Rozansky–Witten theory
    Rozansky–Witten theory is a three-dimensional topological quantum field theory associated with hyperkähler manifolds that yields invariants of 3-manifolds and links via holomorphic symplectic geometry.
  • C. Donaldson–Witten theory
    Donaldson–Witten theory is a four-dimensional topological quantum field theory derived from twisting N=2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, used to compute Donaldson invariants of smooth four-manifolds.
  • D. Witten index
    The Witten index is a topological invariant in supersymmetric quantum field theory that counts the difference between bosonic and fermionic zero-energy states, providing insight into supersymmetry breaking.
  • E. Seiberg–Witten theory
    Seiberg–Witten theory is a framework in quantum field theory and string theory that uses supersymmetry to exactly analyze strongly coupled gauge theories, leading to profound insights into dualities and four-dimensional topology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: quantizationLeadsTo
Context triple: [Chern–Simons theory, quantizationLeadsTo, Wess–Zumino–Witten model]
  • A. quantizationIs
    Indicates that one entity is a specific quantization or discretized representation of another entity.
  • B. usedToQuantize
    Indicates that one entity serves as the quantization method, scheme, or tool applied to another entity.
  • C. isQuantizationOf
    Indicates that one entity is a quantized or discretized version of another, typically transforming a continuous model, signal, or system into a discrete counterpart.
  • D. isQuantizedBy
    Indicates that a continuous or variable quantity is represented or constrained using discrete units, levels, or steps defined by another entity.
  • E. hasQuantizationCondition
    Indicates that a system, parameter, or quantity is constrained to take on only discrete (often integer-related) values according to a specific quantization rule or condition.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (7 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d381a94c1881908fc38fc263d9b9c2 completed April 6, 2026, 9:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69d4d2872830819080fdfa816167d04c completed April 7, 2026, 9:46 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d6f80c25888190a3e8a2c513df7043 completed April 9, 2026, 12:51 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d6fcaca55c81908a48ac2a0ce24b85 completed April 9, 2026, 1:11 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d6fd772bc08190bf270f5fc767fb29 completed April 9, 2026, 1:14 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69d4d1ef6e6c81908a8ee52e4d28127b completed April 7, 2026, 9:44 a.m.
PDg Predicate description generation batch_69d4d285812c8190ab910dc85c53eebf completed April 7, 2026, 9:46 a.m.
Created at: April 6, 2026, 11:35 a.m.