Triple

T1018845
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Feynman path integral E21993 entity
Predicate equivalentTo P6530 FINISHED
Object Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
The Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics is a foundational approach in which observables evolve in time as operators while states remain fixed, providing a mathematically equivalent description to other formulations such as Schrödinger’s and the path integral.
E119324 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics | Statement: [Feynman path integral, equivalentTo, Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
Context triple: [Feynman path integral, equivalentTo, Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics]
  • A. Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
    Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics is John von Neumann’s landmark 1932 treatise that rigorously formulates quantum theory using functional analysis and operator theory on Hilbert spaces.
  • B. Wigner’s theorem on symmetry transformations
    Wigner’s theorem on symmetry transformations is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics stating that any symmetry of transition probabilities is represented by either a unitary or antiunitary operator on the system’s Hilbert space.
  • C. Super-many-time theory of quantum mechanics
    The Super-many-time theory of quantum mechanics is a relativistic generalization of quantum mechanics that introduces multiple time variables to consistently describe interacting quantum fields in different reference frames.
  • D. Born rule in quantum mechanics
    The Born rule in quantum mechanics is the fundamental postulate that connects a system’s wavefunction to experimentally observed probabilities by stating that measurement outcomes occur with probabilities given by the squared magnitude of the wavefunction’s amplitudes.
  • E. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
Triple: [Feynman path integral, equivalentTo, Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics]
Generated description
The Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics is a foundational approach in which observables evolve in time as operators while states remain fixed, providing a mathematically equivalent description to other formulations such as Schrödinger’s and the path integral.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
Target entity description: The Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics is a foundational approach in which observables evolve in time as operators while states remain fixed, providing a mathematically equivalent description to other formulations such as Schrödinger’s and the path integral.
  • A. Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics
    Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics is John von Neumann’s landmark 1932 treatise that rigorously formulates quantum theory using functional analysis and operator theory on Hilbert spaces.
  • B. Wigner’s theorem on symmetry transformations
    Wigner’s theorem on symmetry transformations is a fundamental result in quantum mechanics stating that any symmetry of transition probabilities is represented by either a unitary or antiunitary operator on the system’s Hilbert space.
  • C. Super-many-time theory of quantum mechanics
    The Super-many-time theory of quantum mechanics is a relativistic generalization of quantum mechanics that introduces multiple time variables to consistently describe interacting quantum fields in different reference frames.
  • D. Born rule in quantum mechanics
    The Born rule in quantum mechanics is the fundamental postulate that connects a system’s wavefunction to experimentally observed probabilities by stating that measurement outcomes occur with probabilities given by the squared magnitude of the wavefunction’s amplitudes.
  • E. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493c68e24819080ed0ee8bcfd5ce0 completed March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4b7c6005081909d9e56114c532d14 completed March 1, 2026, 10:03 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac3bb423fc8190af65e94f8e2e75d0 completed March 7, 2026, 2:52 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac3c8b6ce8819097f4f4d504485123 completed March 7, 2026, 2:56 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac3cf686e48190ba49ee0b14870dcf completed March 7, 2026, 2:57 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:41 p.m.