Triple

T10147723
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bardeen potential E231746 entity
Predicate usedToAnalyze P170 FINISHED
Object Sachs–Wolfe effect
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
E844092 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Sachs–Wolfe effect | Statement: [Bardeen potential, usedToAnalyze, Sachs–Wolfe effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sachs–Wolfe effect
Context triple: [Bardeen potential, usedToAnalyze, Sachs–Wolfe effect]
  • A. Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
    The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect is a distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation caused by high-energy electrons in galaxy clusters, used as a powerful probe of large-scale structure and cosmology.
  • B. cosmic microwave background
    The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
  • C. Gamow factor
    The Gamow factor is a quantum mechanical tunneling probability term that quantifies the likelihood of charged particles overcoming their mutual Coulomb barrier, especially in nuclear fusion processes.
  • D. Lemaître–Hubble law
    The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
  • E. Zeldovich approximation
    The Zeldovich approximation is a cosmological model that provides a simple, first-order description of the growth of large-scale structure in the universe by tracking how matter elements move under gravity from initially small density perturbations.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Sachs–Wolfe effect
Triple: [Bardeen potential, usedToAnalyze, Sachs–Wolfe effect]
Generated description
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sachs–Wolfe effect
Target entity description: The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
  • A. Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect
    The Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect is a distortion of the cosmic microwave background radiation caused by high-energy electrons in galaxy clusters, used as a powerful probe of large-scale structure and cosmology.
  • B. cosmic microwave background
    The cosmic microwave background is the faint, nearly uniform afterglow radiation permeating the universe, providing a snapshot of the cosmos about 380,000 years after the Big Bang.
  • C. Gamow factor
    The Gamow factor is a quantum mechanical tunneling probability term that quantifies the likelihood of charged particles overcoming their mutual Coulomb barrier, especially in nuclear fusion processes.
  • D. Lemaître–Hubble law
    The Lemaître–Hubble law is the fundamental cosmological relation that expresses the proportionality between a galaxy’s recessional velocity and its distance, providing the first observational evidence for the expansion of the universe.
  • E. Zeldovich approximation
    The Zeldovich approximation is a cosmological model that provides a simple, first-order description of the growth of large-scale structure in the universe by tracking how matter elements move under gravity from initially small density perturbations.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ca848364f881908a24366a6feec1db completed March 30, 2026, 2:11 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69cdec011c24819089b456fc8b9ed80c completed April 2, 2026, 4:09 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69d2e62c1984819095fcb239f11731b4 completed April 5, 2026, 10:46 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69d2e73fd6988190a338a9e49dc3671b completed April 5, 2026, 10:50 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69d2e8c9058c8190bfa5720397331fa1 completed April 5, 2026, 10:57 p.m.
Created at: March 30, 2026, 9:07 p.m.