Triple

T1006247
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Dirac equation E21718 entity
Predicate nonRelativisticLimit P21741 FINISHED
Object Pauli equation
The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
E118075 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pauli equation | Statement: [Dirac equation, nonRelativisticLimit, Pauli equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli equation
Context triple: [Dirac equation, nonRelativisticLimit, Pauli equation]
  • A. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Tomonaga–Schwinger equation
    The Tomonaga–Schwinger equation is a relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation that formulates quantum field evolution on arbitrary spacelike hypersurfaces, forming a key part of covariant quantum field theory.
  • D. Fokker–Planck equation
    The Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic (random) process, such as Brownian motion.
  • E. Feynman–Hellmann theorem
    The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Pauli equation
Triple: [Dirac equation, nonRelativisticLimit, Pauli equation]
Generated description
The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pauli equation
Target entity description: The Pauli equation is a non-relativistic quantum mechanical wave equation that extends the Schrödinger equation to include spin-½ particles interacting with electromagnetic fields.
  • A. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Tomonaga–Schwinger equation
    The Tomonaga–Schwinger equation is a relativistic generalization of the Schrödinger equation that formulates quantum field evolution on arbitrary spacelike hypersurfaces, forming a key part of covariant quantum field theory.
  • D. Fokker–Planck equation
    The Fokker–Planck equation is a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of the probability density function of a stochastic (random) process, such as Brownian motion.
  • E. Feynman–Hellmann theorem
    The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: nonRelativisticLimit
Context triple: [Dirac equation, nonRelativisticLimit, Pauli equation]
  • A. associatedElectromagneticPotential
    Indicates that one entity stands in the role of the electromagnetic potential (e.g., scalar or vector potential) that is mathematically or physically associated with another entity.
  • B. hasCosmologicalConstantSign
    Indicates whether the sign (positive, negative, or zero) of the cosmological constant is specified for a given cosmological model or scenario.
  • C. constant
    Indicates that the relationship or value does not change across different instances, contexts, or over time.
  • D. nonExclusive
    Indicates that the relationship or access is shared among multiple parties and is not limited to a single, exclusive holder.
  • E. slowerThan
    Indicates that one entity moves or operates at a lower speed than another entity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (7 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493c53e648190ae8cb76c433fd9a7 completed March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4b51434f081909b301ad1c151af03 completed March 1, 2026, 9:52 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac2a21034081908ce6eb7d9827aba2 completed March 7, 2026, 1:37 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac2a6dedb88190b2943c056d99e02f completed March 7, 2026, 1:38 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac2ae2a5748190ba518f29d7564822 completed March 7, 2026, 1:40 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a4b2b2e7108190b338b6c19d4aff55 completed March 1, 2026, 9:42 p.m.
PDg Predicate description generation batch_69a4b326d9d88190913c1a892a795707 completed March 1, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:41 p.m.