Triple
T1006234
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Dirac equation |
E21718
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Dirac sea
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
|
E118072
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dirac sea | Statement: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac sea Context triple: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
-
A.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
B.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
C.
Fermion
A fermion is a fundamental particle or composite particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle, forming the basic building blocks of matter such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
-
D.
Dyson series
The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
-
E.
Lorentz
Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dirac sea Triple: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
Generated description
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac sea Target entity description: The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
-
A.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
B.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
C.
Fermion
A fermion is a fundamental particle or composite particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle, forming the basic building blocks of matter such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
-
D.
Dyson series
The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
-
E.
Lorentz
Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a493c53e648190ae8cb76c433fd9a7 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a4b51434f081909b301ad1c151af03 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 9:52 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ac2a21034081908ce6eb7d9827aba2 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 1:37 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ac2a6dedb88190b2943c056d99e02f |
completed | March 7, 2026, 1:38 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ac2ae2a5748190ba518f29d7564822 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 1:40 p.m. |
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:41 p.m.