Triple

T1006234
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Dirac equation E21718 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Dirac sea
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
E118072 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dirac sea | Statement: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac sea
Context triple: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
  • A. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Fermion
    A fermion is a fundamental particle or composite particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle, forming the basic building blocks of matter such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
  • D. Dyson series
    The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
  • E. Lorentz
    Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dirac sea
Triple: [Dirac equation, relatedTo, Dirac sea]
Generated description
The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dirac sea
Target entity description: The Dirac sea is a theoretical model in quantum physics proposing an infinite "sea" of negative-energy electron states to explain the existence of antimatter and the behavior of relativistic electrons.
  • A. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • B. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • C. Fermion
    A fermion is a fundamental particle or composite particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle, forming the basic building blocks of matter such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.
  • D. Dyson series
    The Dyson series is a perturbative expansion in quantum field theory that expresses time-ordered exponentials and scattering amplitudes as an infinite series of integrals, each term corresponding to a Feynman diagram.
  • E. Lorentz
    Lorentz is a Dutch surname most famously associated with physicist Hendrik Lorentz, a pioneer of electromagnetic theory and relativity.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a493c53e648190ae8cb76c433fd9a7 completed March 1, 2026, 7:30 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4b51434f081909b301ad1c151af03 completed March 1, 2026, 9:52 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ac2a21034081908ce6eb7d9827aba2 completed March 7, 2026, 1:37 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ac2a6dedb88190b2943c056d99e02f completed March 7, 2026, 1:38 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ac2ae2a5748190ba518f29d7564822 completed March 7, 2026, 1:40 p.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 7:41 p.m.