Propionibacterium
E936461
Propionibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria best known for its role in cheese production and for species associated with human skin and acne.
All labels observed (2)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Cutibacterium acnes | 1 |
| Propionibacterium canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11607620 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Propionibacterium Context triple: [Actinobacteria, contains, Propionibacterium]
-
A.
Brevibacterium linens
Brevibacterium linens is a species of bacteria known for producing the characteristic orange-red color and strong aroma of washed-rind cheeses.
-
B.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, round-shaped bacteria commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, including several species that can cause infections.
-
C.
Enterococcus
Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals, some species of which are notable as opportunistic pathogens and for their antibiotic resistance.
-
D.
Rhodococcus
Rhodococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, often soil-dwelling bacteria known for their ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, including environmental pollutants.
-
E.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Propionibacterium Target entity description: Propionibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria best known for its role in cheese production and for species associated with human skin and acne.
-
A.
Brevibacterium linens
Brevibacterium linens is a species of bacteria known for producing the characteristic orange-red color and strong aroma of washed-rind cheeses.
-
B.
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, round-shaped bacteria commonly found on the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals, including several species that can cause infections.
-
C.
Enterococcus
Enterococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, lactic acid bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and animals, some species of which are notable as opportunistic pathogens and for their antibiotic resistance.
-
D.
Rhodococcus
Rhodococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, often soil-dwelling bacteria known for their ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, including environmental pollutants.
-
E.
Wolinella
Wolinella is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria known for inhabiting animal gastrointestinal tracts and participating in hydrogen-based syntrophic relationships.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf | bacterial genus ⓘ |
| associatedWithDisease |
acne vulgaris
ⓘ
opportunistic infections ⓘ |
| belongsTo | Actinobacteria (high-GC Gram-positive bacteria) ⓘ |
| biotechnologicalApplication | production of flavor compounds in dairy products ⓘ |
| carbonSourceUtilization |
carbohydrates
ⓘ
lactate ⓘ |
| cellArrangement | pleomorphic rods ⓘ |
| cellShape | rod-shaped ⓘ |
| cellWallComponent | peptidoglycan ⓘ |
| class | Actinomycetia NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| CO2ProductionRole | formation of gas bubbles in cheese ⓘ |
| energyGeneration | anaerobic fermentation of lactate ⓘ |
| family | Propionibacteriaceae NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| firstDescribedBy | Eduard von Freudenreich NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| firstDescriptionYear | 1907 ⓘ |
| foundIn |
rumen of cattle
ⓘ
silage ⓘ |
| genomeType | circular double-stranded DNA ⓘ |
| gramStain | Gram-positive ⓘ |
| habitat |
dairy environments
ⓘ
human skin ⓘ sebaceous follicles ⓘ |
| industrialUse |
production of propionic acid
ⓘ
vitamin B12 production ⓘ |
| kingdom | Bacteria ⓘ |
| metabolism | fermentative ⓘ |
| motility | non-motile ⓘ |
| notableSpecies |
Propionibacterium acidipropionici
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Propionibacterium freudenreichii NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| order | Propionibacteriales NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| oxygenRequirement | anaerobic ⓘ |
| pathogenicity | commensal with opportunistic potential ⓘ |
| phylum | Actinomycetota NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| primaryMetabolicProduct |
acetic acid
GENERATED
ⓘ
carbon dioxide GENERATED ⓘ propionic acid GENERATED ⓘ |
| reproduction | binary fission ⓘ |
| roleInFood |
development of nutty flavor in Swiss-type cheeses
ⓘ
formation of eyes in Swiss cheese ⓘ |
| safetyStatusInFood | generally regarded as safe (GRAS) for some species ⓘ |
| sporeFormation | non-spore-forming ⓘ |
| taxonRank | genus ⓘ |
| temperaturePreference | mesophilic ⓘ |
| typeSpecies | Propionibacterium freudenreichii NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| usedIn |
Swiss-type cheese ripening
ⓘ
cheese production ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Propionibacterium Description of subject: Propionibacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria best known for its role in cheese production and for species associated with human skin and acne.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Cutibacterium acnes