Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)
E911976
The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T11210505 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Context triple: [Allan R. Sandage, notableWork, Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test)]
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A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
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B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
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C.
Sachs–Wolfe effect
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
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D.
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
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E.
Milne universe model
The Milne universe model is a cosmological model that describes an empty, expanding universe with negative spatial curvature, serving as a special-relativistic alternative to general relativistic cosmologies.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Target entity description: The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
-
A.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
B.
Supernova Cosmology Project
The Supernova Cosmology Project is an international research collaboration that used observations of distant Type Ia supernovae to discover the accelerating expansion of the universe, providing key evidence for dark energy.
-
C.
Sachs–Wolfe effect
The Sachs–Wolfe effect is a cosmological phenomenon in which gravitational potential fluctuations imprint temperature anisotropies on the cosmic microwave background radiation, especially on large angular scales.
-
D.
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe
The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe is a foundational cosmology book by James Peebles that systematically develops the theory and observations of how matter is distributed on the largest cosmic scales.
-
E.
Milne universe model
The Milne universe model is a cosmological model that describes an empty, expanding universe with negative spatial curvature, serving as a special-relativistic alternative to general relativistic cosmologies.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
cosmological test
ⓘ
observational cosmology method ⓘ proposed experiment ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
directly measure the expansion of the universe over time
ⓘ
measure the temporal variation of cosmological redshift ⓘ |
| alsoKnownAs |
Sandage–Loeb effect
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
cosmic redshift drift ⓘ redshift drift test NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
distant galaxies
ⓘ
high-redshift objects ⓘ quasars ⓘ |
| basedOn | measurement of redshift drift ⓘ |
| canConstrain |
Hubble parameter as a function of redshift
ⓘ
deceleration parameter ⓘ equation of state of dark energy ⓘ |
| category | cosmological distance and expansion probes ⓘ |
| characteristic |
directly probes dynamics of the universe without relying on standard candles
ⓘ
does not require standard rulers ⓘ model-independent measurement of expansion rate evolution ⓘ |
| distinctFrom |
baryon acoustic oscillation measurements
ⓘ
cosmic microwave background anisotropy measurements ⓘ supernova distance measurements ⓘ |
| field |
cosmology
ⓘ
observational astronomy ⓘ physical cosmology ⓘ |
| measures |
change of redshift as a function of observer time
ⓘ
time derivative of cosmological redshift ⓘ |
| namedAfter |
Abraham Loeb
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Allan Sandage NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| proposedBy |
Abraham Loeb
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Allan Sandage NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| proposedInstrument |
European Extremely Large Telescope
NERFINISHED
ⓘ
Extremely Large Telescope NERFINISHED ⓘ HIRES spectrograph for ELT NERFINISHED ⓘ high-resolution spectrograph CODEX NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| requires |
centimeter-per-second radial velocity precision
ⓘ
decades-long monitoring of sources ⓘ extremely stable spectrographs ⓘ long observational time baselines ⓘ |
| sensitivityRange | redshift between about 2 and 5 ⓘ |
| signalMagnitude | very small redshift drift per year ⓘ |
| tests |
cosmic expansion history
ⓘ
cosmological models ⓘ dark energy models ⓘ ΛCDM model NERFINISHED ⓘ |
| timeScale | observations over 10 to 30 years ⓘ |
| uses |
Lyman-alpha forest absorption lines
ⓘ
high-resolution spectroscopy of quasars ⓘ spectroscopy of distant astronomical sources ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Sandage–Loeb test (proposed cosmological test) Description of subject: The Sandage–Loeb test is a proposed cosmological method that aims to directly measure the universe’s expansion over time by detecting tiny shifts in the redshifts of distant astronomical objects.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
subject surface form:
Allan R. Sandage