Rule 37
E85786
Rule 37 is a provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs sanctions and remedies for failures to make disclosures or cooperate in discovery during civil litigation.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Rule 37 canonical | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T700928 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rule 37 Context triple: [United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, containsPart, Rule 37]
-
A.
Rule of Four
The Rule of Four refers to the system of government established by the Roman emperor Diocletian in which the empire was jointly ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesares).
-
B.
Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules
Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules is the section of the Federal Rules of Evidence that sets out various additional provisions governing the application and administration of the evidentiary rules in U.S. federal courts.
-
C.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
-
D.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
E.
Siete Leyes
Siete Leyes were a series of centralist constitutional reforms enacted in Mexico in 1836 that replaced the federal system with a more centralized government structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rule 37 Target entity description: Rule 37 is a provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs sanctions and remedies for failures to make disclosures or cooperate in discovery during civil litigation.
-
A.
Rule of Four
The Rule of Four refers to the system of government established by the Roman emperor Diocletian in which the empire was jointly ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesares).
-
B.
Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules
Article XI – Miscellaneous Rules is the section of the Federal Rules of Evidence that sets out various additional provisions governing the application and administration of the evidentiary rules in U.S. federal courts.
-
C.
Clause 39
Clause 39 is a key provision of the Magna Carta that guarantees the right to due process by prohibiting arbitrary arrest, imprisonment, or dispossession except by lawful judgment or the law of the land.
-
D.
Clause 40
Clause 40 is a famous provision of the Magna Carta that promises royal justice will not be sold, denied, or delayed to any person.
-
E.
Siete Leyes
Siete Leyes were a series of centralist constitutional reforms enacted in Mexico in 1836 that replaced the federal system with a more centralized government structure.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (49)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
discovery sanction rule
ⓘ
provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ |
| appliesTo | civil litigation ⓘ |
| authorizes |
adverse inference instructions in certain circumstances
ⓘ
award of expenses on motion to compel ⓘ contempt sanctions ⓘ default judgment in extreme cases ⓘ dismissal of actions in extreme cases ⓘ evidence preclusion sanctions ⓘ exclusion of evidence ⓘ issue-related sanctions ⓘ measures to cure prejudice from loss of ESI ⓘ monetary sanctions ⓘ motion to compel ⓘ other appropriate sanctions ⓘ payment of reasonable expenses ⓘ sanctions for failure to obey discovery order ⓘ sanctions without prior court order ⓘ |
| governs |
remedies for failures to cooperate in discovery
ⓘ
remedies for failures to make disclosures ⓘ sanctions for discovery violations ⓘ |
| hasSection |
Rule 37(a)
ⓘ
Rule 37(b) ⓘ Rule 37(c) ⓘ Rule 37(d) ⓘ Rule 37(e) ⓘ Rule 37(f) ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
U.S. federal courts
ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal courts
|
| legalDomain |
civil procedure
ⓘ
electronically stored information sanctions ⓘ pretrial discovery ⓘ |
| legalSystem | United States law ⓘ |
| partOf |
United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
ⓘ
surface form:
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
|
| requires |
consideration of substantial justification for noncompliance
ⓘ
consideration of whether sanctions are just ⓘ |
| subjectMatter |
failure to comply with a court order
ⓘ
failure to disclose or supplement ⓘ failure to participate in framing a discovery plan ⓘ failure to preserve electronically stored information ⓘ failure to respond to a request for inspection ⓘ failure to serve answers to interrogatories ⓘ motion to compel disclosure or discovery ⓘ party’s failure to attend its own deposition ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Rule 37 Description of subject: Rule 37 is a provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs sanctions and remedies for failures to make disclosures or cooperate in discovery during civil litigation.
Referenced by (1)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.