Rule 11
E85785
Rule 11 is a key provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs the signing of pleadings and motions, requiring attorneys and parties to certify that their filings are legally and factually grounded and not submitted for improper purposes, with sanctions available for violations.
All labels observed (1)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Rule 11 canonical | 2 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T700921 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rule 11 Context triple: [United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, containsPart, Rule 11]
-
A.
R11
R11 is the internal station code used by the New York City Subway for the Grand Central–42nd Street complex in Midtown Manhattan.
-
B.
Rule of Four
The Rule of Four refers to the system of government established by the Roman emperor Diocletian in which the empire was jointly ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesares).
-
C.
Two Eleven (album)
Two Eleven is the sixth studio album by American R&B singer Brandy, showcasing a more mature sound with contemporary R&B and hip hop influences.
-
D.
R-11
R-11 is a Soviet short-range tactical ballistic missile that formed the basis for the later Scud missile family.
-
E.
A Loop
A Loop is a modern streetcar route in Portland, Oregon, that provides circulator service through the central city and adjacent neighborhoods as part of the Portland Streetcar system.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rule 11 Target entity description: Rule 11 is a key provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs the signing of pleadings and motions, requiring attorneys and parties to certify that their filings are legally and factually grounded and not submitted for improper purposes, with sanctions available for violations.
-
A.
R11
R11 is the internal station code used by the New York City Subway for the Grand Central–42nd Street complex in Midtown Manhattan.
-
B.
Rule of Four
The Rule of Four refers to the system of government established by the Roman emperor Diocletian in which the empire was jointly ruled by two senior emperors (Augusti) and two junior emperors (Caesares).
-
C.
Two Eleven (album)
Two Eleven is the sixth studio album by American R&B singer Brandy, showcasing a more mature sound with contemporary R&B and hip hop influences.
-
D.
R-11
R-11 is a Soviet short-range tactical ballistic missile that formed the basis for the later Scud missile family.
-
E.
A Loop
A Loop is a modern streetcar route in Portland, Oregon, that provides circulator service through the central city and adjacent neighborhoods as part of the Portland Streetcar system.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (50)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
procedural rule
ⓘ
provision of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure ⓘ |
| aimsTo |
deter frivolous filings
ⓘ
deter repetition of conduct or comparable conduct by others ⓘ promote candor toward the court ⓘ reduce abusive litigation practices ⓘ |
| allows |
monetary penalties paid into court
ⓘ
nonmonetary directives as sanctions ⓘ payment of opponent’s reasonable attorney’s fees and expenses resulting from the violation ⓘ withdrawal or correction of challenged paper within safe harbor period to avoid sanctions ⓘ |
| appliesTo |
attorneys
ⓘ
unrepresented parties ⓘ |
| authorizes |
court-initiated sanctions
ⓘ
party-initiated sanctions motions ⓘ |
| bindingOn |
federal district courts
ⓘ
litigants in federal civil cases ⓘ |
| contains |
Rule 11(a)
ⓘ
Rule 11(b) ⓘ Rule 11(c) ⓘ Rule 11(d) ⓘ |
| excludes |
disclosures and discovery requests
ⓘ
discovery motions ⓘ discovery objections ⓘ discovery responses ⓘ |
| governs |
sanctions procedures
ⓘ
signature requirements ⓘ signing of other papers filed with the court ⓘ signing of pleadings ⓘ signing of written motions ⓘ |
| includes | safe harbor provision for party-initiated sanctions motions ⓘ |
| jurisdiction |
U.S. federal courts
ⓘ
surface form:
United States federal courts
|
| legalSystem |
United States federal civil litigation
ⓘ
civil procedure ⓘ |
| partOf |
United States Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
ⓘ
surface form:
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
|
| prohibits |
filings presented for improper purpose such as harassment or unnecessary delay
ⓘ
filings presented to needlessly increase the cost of litigation ⓘ |
| providesFor |
sanctions for violations
ⓘ
striking unsigned papers unless promptly corrected ⓘ |
| requires |
certification that denials of factual contentions are warranted on the evidence or reasonably based on belief or lack of information
ⓘ
certification that factual contentions have evidentiary support or will likely have support after discovery ⓘ certification that filings are not presented for improper purpose ⓘ certification that legal contentions are warranted by existing law or nonfrivolous argument for law change ⓘ denials of factual contentions to be warranted on the evidence or reasonably based on belief or lack of information ⓘ every pleading, written motion, and other paper be signed by at least one attorney of record or by a party personally if unrepresented ⓘ factual contentions to have evidentiary support or likely support after discovery ⓘ inquiry reasonable under the circumstances before filing ⓘ legal contentions to be warranted by existing law or nonfrivolous arguments for extension, modification, or reversal of law ⓘ service of sanctions motion on opposing party before filing with the court ⓘ |
| safeHarborPeriod | 21 days ⓘ |
| setsOut | representations to the court ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Rule 11 Description of subject: Rule 11 is a key provision of the U.S. Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that governs the signing of pleadings and motions, requiring attorneys and parties to certify that their filings are legally and factually grounded and not submitted for improper purposes, with sanctions available for violations.
Referenced by (2)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.