Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes
E84736
The Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes were three major Jewish sects of the Second Temple period, distinguished by their differing beliefs, practices, and social roles within ancient Judean society.
Statements (53)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
Jewish religious sect
→
Jewish religious sect → Jewish religious sect → |
| attitudeTowardTemple |
closely associated with Temple priesthood and sacrificial system
→
critical of Jerusalem Temple leadership → supported Temple worship but emphasized synagogue and Torah study → |
| beliefAboutResurrection |
affirmed resurrection of the dead
→
affirmed resurrection or postmortem reward and punishment → denied resurrection of the dead → |
| eschatology |
expected future judgment and resurrection
→
held apocalyptic expectations of end-time conflict → |
| fateAfter70CE |
disappeared after destruction of Second Temple
→
disappeared as distinct group after First Jewish–Roman War → |
| geographicLocation |
Judea
→
Judea → Judea → |
| historicalPeriod |
Second Temple period
→
Second Temple period → Second Temple period → |
| influenceOnLaterJudaism |
major source of rabbinic Judaism
→
|
| languageContext |
used Hebrew and Aramaic
→
used Hebrew and Aramaic → used Hebrew and Aramaic → |
| mentionedIn |
Gospels
→
Gospels → |
| politicalRole |
held many high priestly and aristocratic offices
→
influential in local communities and councils → largely withdrawn from mainstream political life → |
| possibleAssociation |
Qumran community
→
|
| practice |
Temple-centered sacrificial worship
→
communal living in some groups → frequent ritual washings → ritual purity observances → strict Sabbath observance → strict observance of purity and tithing laws → |
| primarySources |
Josephus
→
Josephus → Josephus → New Testament → New Testament → Philo of Alexandria → |
| religion |
Judaism
→
Judaism → Judaism → |
| socialBase |
laypeople and scribes
→
priestly and aristocratic families → separatist communities → |
| viewOfFateAndFreeWill |
combined divine providence with human free will
→
emphasized divine predestination → emphasized human free will over fate → |
| viewOfLaw |
observed strict, often sectarian interpretation of Torah
→
|
| viewOfOralLaw |
accepted oral Torah as authoritative
→
rejected oral Torah and accepted only written Torah → |
Referenced by (1)
| Subject (surface form when different) | Predicate |
|---|---|
|
Flavius Josephus
→
|
sourceFor |