Proton rocket
E84074
The Proton rocket is a heavy-lift Russian expendable launch vehicle widely used to place large payloads, including space station modules and communications satellites, into orbit.
All labels observed (13)
| Label | Occurrences |
|---|---|
| Proton-K | 13 |
| Proton-K rocket | 13 |
| Proton-M | 9 |
| Proton rocket canonical | 5 |
| Proton launch vehicle | 2 |
| Proton launch vehicle family | 2 |
| Proton rocket family | 2 |
| Proton launch vehicle program | 1 |
| Proton-K Blok D | 1 |
| Proton-K launch vehicle | 1 |
| Proton-K/D | 1 |
| Proton-M launch vehicle | 1 |
| Proton-M rocket | 1 |
How this entity was disambiguated
This entity first appeared as the object of triple T679641 — resolving that mention is where its identity was fixed. The disambiguator weighed these candidate entities and picked the highlighted one (or “None”, minting a new entity). This is how homonymy is resolved: the same surface form can point to different entities.
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Proton rocket Context triple: [International Space Station program, usesLaunchVehicle, Proton rocket]
-
A.
Vostok-K rocket
The Vostok-K rocket was a Soviet launch vehicle that carried Yuri Gagarin on the first human spaceflight in history.
-
B.
R-7 Semyorka rocket
The R-7 Semyorka rocket was the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile and the launch vehicle that placed Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, marking the start of the space age.
-
C.
R-1 rocket
The R-1 rocket was an early Soviet ballistic missile and research rocket developed after World War II as a near-copy of Germany’s V-2, serving as a foundation for later Soviet rocketry.
-
D.
Voskhod spacecraft
The Voskhod spacecraft was a Soviet crewed space capsule that succeeded Vostok and enabled milestones such as the first multi-person crewed mission and the first spacewalk during the early space race.
-
E.
Falcon 1 rocket
Falcon 1 rocket is a small, privately developed orbital launch vehicle created by SpaceX that became the first privately built liquid-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Proton rocket Target entity description: The Proton rocket is a heavy-lift Russian expendable launch vehicle widely used to place large payloads, including space station modules and communications satellites, into orbit.
-
A.
Vostok-K rocket
The Vostok-K rocket was a Soviet launch vehicle that carried Yuri Gagarin on the first human spaceflight in history.
-
B.
R-7 Semyorka rocket
The R-7 Semyorka rocket was the world’s first intercontinental ballistic missile and the launch vehicle that placed Sputnik, the first artificial satellite, into orbit, marking the start of the space age.
-
C.
R-1 rocket
The R-1 rocket was an early Soviet ballistic missile and research rocket developed after World War II as a near-copy of Germany’s V-2, serving as a foundation for later Soviet rocketry.
-
D.
Voskhod spacecraft
The Voskhod spacecraft was a Soviet crewed space capsule that succeeded Vostok and enabled milestones such as the first multi-person crewed mission and the first spacewalk during the early space race.
-
E.
Falcon 1 rocket
Falcon 1 rocket is a small, privately developed orbital launch vehicle created by SpaceX that became the first privately built liquid-fueled rocket to reach orbit.
- F. None of above. chosen
Statements (47)
| Predicate | Object |
|---|---|
| instanceOf |
expendable launch vehicle
ⓘ
heavy-lift launch vehicle ⓘ |
| countryOfOrigin | Russia ⓘ |
| designFeature |
three-stage core with optional upper stage
ⓘ
uses toxic propellants ⓘ |
| developedBy | Soviet Union ⓘ |
| enteredService | 1960s ⓘ |
| family |
Proton rocket
self-linksurface differs
ⓘ
surface form:
Proton-K
Proton rocket self-linksurface differs ⓘ
surface form:
Proton-M
|
| fuel | unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine ⓘ |
| launchAzimuth | primarily prograde orbits ⓘ |
| launchConfiguration | core stage with strap-on tanks ⓘ |
| launchRecord | hundreds of launches ⓘ |
| launchServiceEntry | commercial market in the 1990s ⓘ |
| launchSite | Baikonur Cosmodrome ⓘ |
| launchType | expendable ⓘ |
| manufacturer | Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center ⓘ |
| market | commercial launch services ⓘ |
| massClass | heavy-lift ⓘ |
| notableCustomer |
Eutelsat
ⓘ
Inmarsat ⓘ Intelsat ⓘ |
| notableUse |
launching GLONASS navigation satellites
ⓘ
launching International Space Station modules ⓘ launching Mir space station modules ⓘ launching Salyut space station modules ⓘ |
| operator |
International Launch Services
ⓘ
Roscosmos ⓘ |
| orbitTypesServed |
geostationary transfer orbit
ⓘ
highly elliptical orbit ⓘ low Earth orbit ⓘ |
| originPeriod | Cold War era ⓘ |
| oxidizer | nitrogen tetroxide ⓘ |
| propellantType | hypergolic propellants ⓘ |
| stages |
3
ⓘ
4 ⓘ |
| status | operational ⓘ |
| successorConsidered | Angara rocket family ⓘ |
| typicalPayload |
large communications satellites
ⓘ
space station modules ⓘ |
| upperStageOptions |
Blok DM
ⓘ
Briz-M ⓘ |
| usedFor |
geostationary transfer orbit missions
ⓘ
interplanetary missions ⓘ launching communications satellites ⓘ launching space station modules ⓘ placing payloads into orbit ⓘ |
How these facts were elicited
The pipeline generated the facts above by prompting gpt-5.1 with this entity's name + description and the instruction below.
Instruction
You are a knowledge base construction expert. Given a subject entity and a description of it, return factual statements that you know for the subject as a JSON list of dictionaries(triples), where keys must be "subject", "predicate" and "object". The number of facts may be very high, between 25 to 50 or more, for very popular subjects. For less popular subjects, the number of facts can be very low, like 5 or 10. # Requirements - If you don't know the subject at all, return an empty list. - If the subject is not a named entity, return an empty list. - Include at least one triple where predicate is "instanceOf". - Do not get too wordy. - Separate several objects into multiple triples with one object.
Input
Subject: Proton rocket Description of subject: The Proton rocket is a heavy-lift Russian expendable launch vehicle widely used to place large payloads, including space station modules and communications satellites, into orbit.
Referenced by (52)
Full triples — surface form annotated when it differs from this entity's canonical label.
this entity surface form:
Proton-M
this entity surface form:
Proton-M